Subjective and objective measures of sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Owens, Judith; Sangal, R. Bart; Sutton, Virginia K.; Bakken, Rosalie; Allen, Albert J.; Kelsey, Douglas K.

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2008.03.013

Cited by 113 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…People with ADHD often exhibit sleep problems consistent with a phase delayed circadian clock (Boonstra et al, 2007;Owens et al, 2009;Sobanski et al, 2008;Van Veen et al, 2010). Some studies suggest that methylphenidate, a common pharmacotherapy for ADHD, may exacerbate these sleep problems (Corkum et al, 2008;Galland et al, 2010;Ironside et al, 2010;Sangal et al, 2006;Schwartz et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children (Owens et al, 2009) and adults (Boonstra et al, 2007;Sobanski et al, 2008;Van Veen et al, 2010) with ADHD frequently exhibit sleep problems, including shorter sleep duration, difficulty waking up, daytime sleepiness, increased nocturnal movements, longer sleep latencies, and more nocturnal awakening. These symptoms affect a large proportion of adults with ADHD, with 65% complaining of always having trouble sleeping and 87% reporting difficulty going to bed on time (Boonstra et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methylphenidate Modifies the Motion of the Circadian Clock

Antle

Diepen

Deboer

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

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People with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience sleep problems, and these are frequently exacerbated by the methylphenidate they take to manage their ADHD symptoms. Many of the changes to sleep are consistent with a change in the underlying circadian clock. The present study was designed to determine if methylphenidate alone could alter properties of the circadian clock. Young male mice were examined in light-dark cycles and in constant darkness and recordings were performed on behavioral activity, sleep, and electrical activity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of freely moving mice. Methylphenidate in the drinking water (0.08%) significantly increased activity in the mid-to-late night, and led to a delay in the onset of activity and sleep relative to the light-dark cycle. While locomotor levels returned to baseline after treatment ended, the phase angle of entrainment required at least a week to return to baseline levels. In constant darkness, the free-running period of both wheel-running and general locomotor rhythms was lengthened by methylphenidate. When the treatment ended, the free-running period either remained stable or only partially reverted to baseline levels. Methylphenidate also altered the electrical firing rate rhythms in the SCN. It induced a delay in the trough of the rhythm, an increment in rhythm amplitude, and a reduction in rhythm variability. These observations suggest that methylphenidate alters the underlying circadian clock. The observed changes are consistent with clock alterations that would promote sleep-onset insomnia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylphenidate Modifies the Motion of the Circadian Clock

Antle

Diepen

Deboer

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Ten reviews on sleep patterns and ADHD in children and adults have already been published (Cohen-Zion and Ancoli-Israel, 2004;Cortese et al, 2009;Cortese et al, 2006;Gruber, 2009;Owens et al, 2009;Owens, 2005;Philipsen et al, 2006;Sadeh et al, 2006;van der Heijden et al, 2005a;Walters et al, 2008). In general, sleep studies in ADHD have given 12 mixed results on both subjective (i.e., clinical history, sleep diaries, and rating scales) and objective (i.e., actigraphy, and MSTL) sleep measures.…”

Section: Sleep-wake Rhythmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered circadian profiles in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An integrative review and theoretical framework for future studies

Imeraj

Sonuga‐Barke

Antrop

et al. 2012

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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and (iv) rhythmicity in neuroendocrine and neurophysiological responsiveness. On this basis, we propose a neurobiological framework to guide future study, which sees circadian effects in ADHD, along with other aspects of ADHD arousal-related deficits (e.g., cognitive energetic deficits), as being the result of dysregulated locus coeruleus function. Based on this perspective specific recommendations for future research are presented.

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“…To date, several research domains have pointed to differential circadian arousal patterns in ADHD. There is evidence that subjects with ADHD show a higher eveningness preference [12,47,55], more sleep-wake disturbances [10,14,27,37,40], and more hyperactivity problems in the afternoon [3, 44,60,67]. As findings on this research topic are inconsistent [13,17,23,36], further clarification of time of day effects in arousal is critical to fully understand underlying mechanisms involved in arousal and behavioral symptoms of ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal variations in arousal: a naturalistic heart rate study in children with ADHD

Imeraj

Antrop

Roeyers

et al. 2011

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Previous studies suggest an altered circadian regulation of arousal in children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as measured by activity, circadian preference, and sleep-wake patterns.Although heart rate is an important measure to evaluate arousal profiles, to date it is unknown whether 24-hour heart rate patterns differentiate between children with and without ADHD.In this study, 24-hour heart rate data were collected in 30 non-medicated children with ADHD (aged 6-11) and 30 sex-, class-, and age-matched normal controls in their naturalistic home and school setting, during five days. Simultaneously, 24-hour activity patterns were registered. Confounding effects of demographic variables (e.g., age, sex, BMI, pubertal stage) and comorbid internalizing and externalizing problems on heart rate levels were additionally assessed.Longitudinal analysis showed that heart rate levels were overall higher in the ADHD group (p<0.01) -with largest effects during afternoon and night-, in a model controlling for age. Other factors did not significantly contribute to variations in heart rate levels. Compared to controls, children with ADHD showed higher activity levels during daytime (especially early afternoon), but not during nighttime (p<0.05). Post hoc analyses showed that environmental effects may influence daytime variations.Findings suggest an autonomic imbalance in children with ADHD as compared to controls, with higher heart rate levels in the ADHD group. Nighttime tachycardia in this group could not be explained by nighttime activity levels or comorbid externalizing/internalizing problems. Further research on autonomic functioning in ADHD is recommended because of the major impact of higher resting heart rate on health outcomes.

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Subjective and objective measures of sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 113 publications

References 36 publications

Methylphenidate Modifies the Motion of the Circadian Clock

Methylphenidate Modifies the Motion of the Circadian Clock

Altered circadian profiles in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An integrative review and theoretical framework for future studies

Diurnal variations in arousal: a naturalistic heart rate study in children with ADHD

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