Subjective and Objective Measures of Sleepiness: Effect of Benzodiazepine and Caffeine on Their Relationship

Johnson, Laverne C.; Freeman, Charles R.; Spinweber, Cheryl L.; Gomez, Steven

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1991.tb03388.x

Cited by 49 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…3). This ®nding is similar to that of Johnson et al (1991), who have demonstrated a discrepancy between the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) score and parameters of subjective sleepiness. Further study will be needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of such a dissociation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Brief naps during post-lunch rest: effects on alertness, performance, and autonomic balance

Takahashi¹,

Fukuda²,

Arito³

1998

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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This study was designed to examine the effects of brief naps taken after lunch on alertness, performance, and autonomic balance. Three groups each comprising ten healthy subjects, who had slept normally at home the previous night, were randomly assigned to groups taking one of three 'lengths of nap (0, 15, and 45 min) after lunch. The P300, an event-related potential which is a neurophysiological correlate of cognitive function, subjective sleepiness (visual analogue scale), and electrocardiogram were measured before, 30 min after, and 3 h after the naps. Each measurement was followed by an English transcription task lasting 90 min. The P300 latency was significantly shorter after the 15-min than after the 45-min nap, or after no nap had been taken, while its amplitude was not affected by the length of nap. Subjective sleepiness was lower after both naps than after no nap. The task performance was significantly better during the second half of the last task session after the 15-min nap than after no nap. The high-frequency component of the R-R interval spectrum increased significantly during the 45-min nap, showing a temporary shift to a predominance of the parasympathetic nervous system. Mean total sleep times during the 15- and 45-min naps were 7.3 and 30.1 min, respectively. These results would indicate that the 15-min nap may serve to shorten the stimulus evaluation time, reducing subjective sleepiness, and slightly improving task performance. Our data demonstrated that in our subjects a brief nap after lunch was effective for enhancing subsequent alertness and performance after normal sleep the previous night.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Brief naps during post-lunch rest: effects on alertness, performance, and autonomic balance

Takahashi¹,

Fukuda²,

Arito³

1998

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…In this regard, it is important to mention that physiological sleepiness can often not be reliably assessed by introspection. Sleep propensity as measured by the sleep latency tests and subjective sleepiness are often uncorrelated and may measure different aspects of sleepiness (Johnson et al 1991;Moldofsky 1992;Johns 1994). Moreover, subjective assessments may be insensitive especially when the "sedation" is excessive or has been present persistently (Roth et al 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Subchronic effects of the GABA-agonist lorazepam and the 5-HT 2A/2C antagonist ritanserin on driving performance, slow wave sleep and daytime sleepiness in healthy volunteers

Laar¹,

Volkerts²,

Verbaten³

2001

Psychopharmacology

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“…Caffeine has been repeatedly shown to attenuate performance impairments due to decreases in arousal induced by sleep loss, fatigue, working at night, or by sedative drugs [89][90][91][92][93]. Furthermore, caffeine can remove the impaired performance and negative mood associated with the common cold [94] and attenuate memory impairment induced by scopolamine in humans [95].…”

Section: S243mentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine, Mental Health, and Psychiatric Disorders

Lara

2010

JAD

181

127

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Abstract. Caffeine intake is so common that its pharmacological effects on the mind are undervalued. Since it is so readily available, individuals can adjust their own dose, time of administration and dose intervals of caffeine, according to the perceived benefits and side effects of each dose. This review focuses on human studies of caffeine in subjects with and without psychiatric disorders. Besides the possibility of mild drug dependence, caffeine may bring benefits that contribute to its widespread use. These benefits seem to be related to adaptation of mental energy to the context by increasing alertness, attention, and cognitive function (more evident in longer or more difficult tasks or situations of low arousal) and by elevating mood. Accordingly, moderate caffeine intake (< 6 cups/day) has been associated with less depressive symptoms, fewer cognitive failures, and lower risk of suicide. However, its putative therapeutic effects on depression and ADHD have been insufficiently studied. Conversely, in rare cases high doses of caffeine can induce psychotic and manic symptoms, and more commonly, anxiety. Patients with panic disorder and performance social anxiety disorder seem to be particularly sensitive to the anxiogenic effects of caffeine, whereas preliminary data suggests that it may be effective for some patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The threshold for the anxiogenic effect of caffeine is influenced by a polymorphism of the A2A receptor. In summary, caffeine can be regarded as a pharmacological tool to increase energy and effortful behavior in daily activities. More populational (cross-sectional and prospective) and experimental studies are necessary to establish the role of caffeine intake in psychiatric disorders, especially its putative efficacy on depressive mood and cognitive/attentional disorders.

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Subjective and Objective Measures of Sleepiness: Effect of Benzodiazepine and Caffeine on Their Relationship

Cited by 49 publications

References 24 publications

Brief naps during post-lunch rest: effects on alertness, performance, and autonomic balance

Brief naps during post-lunch rest: effects on alertness, performance, and autonomic balance

Subchronic effects of the GABA-agonist lorazepam and the 5-HT 2A/2C antagonist ritanserin on driving performance, slow wave sleep and daytime sleepiness in healthy volunteers

Caffeine, Mental Health, and Psychiatric Disorders

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