Subgroups Based on Bender-Gestalt Error Scores

Abstract

Bender-Gestalt error scores were cluster analyzed for a large group of children and adolescents evaluated because of learning difficulties. The results indicated two subgroups; one had a relatively high percentage of Bender-Gestalt errors, while the other had a relatively low percentage of Bender-Gestalt errors. The subgroups were compared on medical, developmental and growth, social, and intelligence variables. Several significant differences were found, particularly on developmental variables. Results are discussed in terms of the clinical utility of Bender-Gestalt error scores and in relation to developmental neuropsychological theory.

Visuomotor Perception in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-Combined Type

“…An analysis of specific areas did not delmeare any particular error for this ADHD-CT sample. This finding is consistent with that of Snow and Desch (1988) who in a cluster analysis of the Bender-Gestalt errors for a large group of children with learning difficulty did not find a relationship between type of error and specific subgrouping. A cluster analysis by Snow and Desch (1988) did yield two groups, one (1984), this study suggests that children with behavioral characteristics of impulsivity and inattention d o poorly on tests requiring visuomotor perception.…”

Constructing Local Age Norms Based on Ability for the Bender-Gestalt Test

“…One of the most frequently used objective scoring techniques for children has been the Developmental Scoring System developed by Koppitz (1963) and revised in 1975 (Sattler, 1988(Sattler, , 1992Snow & Desch, 1988). The 1975 revised norms were based on a sample of 975 children, ages 5 to 11 years.…”