Subgenotype Analysis of
            <i>Cryptosporidium</i>
            Isolates from Humans, Cattle, and Zoo Ruminants in Portugal

Alves, Margarida; Xiao, Lihua; Sulaiman, Irshad M.; Lal, Altaf A.; Matos, Olga; Antúnes, Francisco

doi:10.1128/jcm.41.6.2744-2747.2003

Cited by 473 publications

(399 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…DNA sequencing was used to confirm the diagnosis of C. felis and C. viatorum. Subtyping was done by DNA sequence analysis of the gp60 gene as described by Alves et al [13].…”

Section: Pcr Detection Of Cryptosporidium Species and Rflp Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium species and subtypes in diarrheal children and HIV-infected persons in Ebonyi and Nsukka, Nigeria

Ukwah

Ezeonu

et al. 2017

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Cryptosporidiosis is a common disease of children and immune-compromised persons. This study evaluated the diversity and distribution of Cryptosporidium species in diarrheal children and HIV-infected persons on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and those not on HAART. Methodology: A total of 394 fecal specimens were collected from patients attending clinics in Nsukka and Ebonyi, Nigeria. Detection and identification of Cryptosporidium species were conducted by PCR-RFLP of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, whereas subtyping was done by sequence analysis of the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene. Results: Twenty-five (6.3%) specimens yielded four Cryptosporidium species, including C. hominis, C. parvum, C. felis, and C. viatorum. C. hominis was the most dominant species with 48.0% occurrence and three identified subtype families: Ia (six specimens), Ib (three specimens), Ie (two specimens), and one un-subtyped species. C. parvum had 44.0% occurrence and two subtype families: IIc (eight specimens) and IIe (three specimens), while C. felis and C. viatorum each had 4.0% occurrence. There were significant differences in Cryptosporidium species distribution between age groups in children and HIV-infected persons, between suburban and urban areas, and between low and high CD4

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“…DNA sequencing was used to confirm the diagnosis of C. felis and C. viatorum. Subtyping was done by DNA sequence analysis of the gp60 gene as described by Alves et al [13].…”

Section: Pcr Detection Of Cryptosporidium Species and Rflp Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium species and subtypes in diarrheal children and HIV-infected persons in Ebonyi and Nsukka, Nigeria

Ukwah

Ezeonu

et al. 2017

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Isolates identified to the species level were further subgenotyped by sequence analysis of the GP60 gene (1). A primary product of approximately 900 bp was amplified with primers AL 3531 (5Ј-ATAGTCTCCGCTGT ATTC-3Ј) and AL 3535 (5Ј-GGAAGGAACGATGTATCT-3Ј).…”

Section: Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence Supporting Zoonotic Transmission of Cryptosporidium spp. in Wisconsin

et al. 2006

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Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum are the primary species of Cryptosporidium that infect humans. C. hominis has an anthroponotic transmission cycle, while C. parvum is zoonotic, infecting cattle and other ruminants, in addition to humans. Most cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in the United States have been caused by C. hominis, and this species is often reported as the primary cause of cryptosporidiosis in this country. However, outbreaks account for only 10% of the overall cryptosporidiosis cases, and there are few data on the species that cause sporadic cases. The present study identified the species/genotypes and subgenotypes of Cryptosporidium in 49 cases of sporadic cryptosporidiosis in Wisconsin during the period from 2003 to 2005. The species/genotype of isolates was determined by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 18S rRNA and Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein genes. The C. parvum and C. hominis isolates were subgenotyped by sequence analysis of the GP60 gene. Forty-four of 49 isolates were identified as C. parvum, and 1 was identified as C. hominis. Of the remaining isolates, one was identified as being of the cervine genotype, one was identified as being a cervine genotype variant, and two were identified as being of a novel human genotype, previously reported as W17. Nine different subgenotypes were identified within the C. parvum species, and two of these were responsible for 60% of the cases. In this study we found that most sporadic cases of cryptosporidiosis in Wisconsin are caused by zoonotic Cryptosporidium species, indicating that zoonotic transmission could be more frequently associated with sporadic cases in the United States.

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“…A sub-set of 71 C. hominis isolates, selected from cases who had not travelled abroad and who had no history of contact with household cases of diarrhoea, was subtyped at the GP60 locus by bi-directional DNA sequence analysis (Alves et al 2003).…”

Section: Epidemiology Of the Outbreakmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cryptosporidium hominis outbreak in North-West Wales associated with low oocyst counts in treated drinking water

Mason¹,

Chalmers

Carnicer-Pont

et al. 2009

Journal of Water and Health

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An outbreak in the autumn of 2005 resulted in 218 confirmed cases of Cryptosporidium hominis.The attack rate (relative risk 4.1, 95%CI 2.8-9.1) was significantly higher in the population supplied by Cwellyn Water Treatment Works (WTW). A case-control study demonstrated a statistically significant association (odds ratio 6.1, 95% CI 1.8 -23.8) between drinking unboiled tap water and C. hominis infection. The association remained significant in a logistic regression analysis, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.30 (95 CI 1.05-1.61) per glass of unboiled tap water consumed per day. This evidence together with environmental and associated microbiological investigations, and the absence of effective treatment to remove Cryptosporidium oocysts at the WTW, led to the conclusion that the outbreak was waterborne. Oocyst counts in final treated water at the WTW and at different points in the distribution system were consistently very low, maximum count in continuous monitoring 0.08 oocysts per 10 litres. Data from continuous monitoring and the epidemic curve is consistent with the hypothesis that low numbers of oocysts of C hominis were present in treated water continuously during the outbreak and these were of sufficient infectivity to cause illness. All surface water derived water supplies present a potential risk to human health and appropriate control measures should be in place to minimise these risks.

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Subgenotype Analysis of Cryptosporidium Isolates from Humans, Cattle, and Zoo Ruminants in Portugal

Cited by 473 publications

References 24 publications

Cryptosporidium species and subtypes in diarrheal children and HIV-infected persons in Ebonyi and Nsukka, Nigeria

Cryptosporidium species and subtypes in diarrheal children and HIV-infected persons in Ebonyi and Nsukka, Nigeria

Evidence Supporting Zoonotic Transmission of Cryptosporidium spp. in Wisconsin

A Cryptosporidium hominis outbreak in North-West Wales associated with low oocyst counts in treated drinking water

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