Suberization: Inhibition by Washing and Stimulation by Abscisic Acid in Potato Disks and Tissue Culture

Soliday, Charles L.; Dean, Bill B.; Kolattukudy, P. E.

doi:10.1104/pp.61.2.170

Cited by 63 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…We concluded that ABA stimulated suberization in potato tuber tissue based on the observation that ABA was released into the washing medium during the first day after c.t'ting and that ABA at least partially reversed the inhibition of suberization caused by washing (22). In support of this conclusion, ABA was found to induce the deposition of polymeric aliphatic components characteristic of suberin in potato tissue culture.…”

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confidence: 53%

Abscisic Acid Stimulation of Suberization

Cottle

Kolattukudy²

1982

Plant Physiol.

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Effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on suberization of potato (Solanum tuberosum var. Russet-Burbank) tuber tissue culture was studied by measuring deposition of suberin components and the level of certain key enzymes postulated to be involved in suberization. ABA treatment resulted in a 3-fold increase in the polymeric aliphatic components of suberin and a 4-fold increase in the polymeric aromatic components. Hydrocarbons and fatty alcohols, two components characteristic of waxes associated with potato suberin, increased 9-and 5-fold, respectively, as a result of ABA treatment.Thus, the deposition of the polymeric aliphatics and aromatics as well as waxes, all of which have been postulated to be components of suberized cell walls, was markedly stimulated by ABA. w-Hydroxy-fatty acid dehydrogenase which showed a rather high initial level of activity increased only 60% due to ABA treatment. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity reached a maximum at a 5-fold level after 4 days in the ABA medium, whereas the control showed only a fold increase. ABA treatment also resulted in a dramatic (7-fold) increase in an isozyme of peroxidase which has been specifically associated with suberization. Thus, ABA appears to induce certain key enzymes which are most probably involved in suberization.ABA is generally regarded as a depressor or inhibitor of physiological and biochemical events in plants (24). In contrast to the large number of reports on inhibitory effects of ABA, there are few reports concerned with stimulatory effects. Recently, it was shown that ABA promoted cell division and DNA synthesis in Jerusalem artichoke tuber tissue culture (18).We concluded that ABA stimulated suberization in potato tuber tissue based on the observation that ABA was released into the washing medium during the first day after c.t'ting and that ABA at least partially reversed the inhibition of suberization caused by washing (22). In support of this conclusion, ABA was found to induce the deposition of polymeric aliphatic components characteristic of suberin in potato tissue culture. More recently, it was realized that suberin is probably composed of polymeric materials containing aromatic and aliphatic components and that waxes associated with suberin probably provide the water vapor diffusion barrier to suberized cell walls (23). If the previously observed 2Author to whom inquiries should be made.ABA stimulation of deposition of polymeric aliphatic material in potato tissue culture represented induction of suberization, the synthesis of other components which are thought to be part of suberized cell walls should also be induced by ABA. In this paper we show that ABA in the medium of potato tuber tissue culture stimulates the deposition of aliphatic and aromatic polymeric materials and waxes, all of which are characteristic of suberized cell walls. Effects of ABA on the levels of certain enzymes thought to be involved in suberization are also reported. MATERIALS AND METHODSTissue Cultures. Callus cultures were prepared from tuber parenchy...

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confidence: 53%

Abscisic Acid Stimulation of Suberization

Cottle

Kolattukudy²

1982

Plant Physiol.

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“…First, ABA, which induces coating formation, is known to induce suberization (4,24). The concentration of ABA required to stimulate the coating response was 10-6 M, whereas previous work had indicated that a concentration of 10-4 M was necessary to induce suberization in potato callus cultures (4 (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coating responses were elicited in Verticillium-susceptible or -resistant tomato isolines by fungal spores or by ABA. ABA is a known inducer ofsuberization (4,24). Correlated biochemical and cytological analyses provide convincing evidence that the coating is suberin.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…If the fungus-induced coating was suberin, we reasoned that ABA, which is known to induce suberization (4,24), might also induce the formation of a similar coating. To test this possibility, ABA was infused into the vascular system of tomato petioles, and the results were monitored by observation of stained fresh freehand sections ( Fig.…”

Section: Analysis Of Suberinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Characterization of Stress-Induced Vascular Coating in Tomato

Robb¹,

Lee²,

Mohan³

et al. 1991

Plant Physiol.

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Indirect evidence suggests that vascular coatings formed by plants in response to stress consist of suberin-like substances containing lipid and phenolic compounds. To provide more direct chemical evidence that coatings are suberin, we used a natural pathogen, Verticillium albo-atrum, or a stress-responsive hormone, abscisic acid, to induce coating in two isolines of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cultivar Craigella) that are resistant or susceptible to the pathogen. Using treated petioles that had been monitored cytologically, chemical depolymerization followed by combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of alkane-a,w-diol levels confirmed the presence of suberin after induction of coating and showed quantitative differences between the isolines that correlated with cytological measurements of the coating response. Northem analysis of suberization-associated anionic peroxidase mRNA showed corresponding increases, and tissue blot analysis further indicated that induction of the mRNA was localized in the responding vascular bundles, as determined by suberin histochemistry. Taken together, these results provide chemical evidence that the coatings are mainly suberin. Stress, whether biotic or abiotic, frequently induces the vascular coating response in plants (for review see ref. 19). A recent study (25) ofearly interactions between the wilt fungus, Verticillium albo-atrum, and its tomato host indicated that the coating of xylem vessel walls involves the secretion and deposition of normal or modified cell wall components. The nature of the polymeric materials deposited on the cell wall remains unknown. Although pathogen-induced wall coatings have been variously designated as lignin, induced lignin, lignin-like, and suberin, and although most studies have not satisfactorily distinguished between lignification and suberization, in most cases the deposits probably result from suberization (9, 15). The same process also is known to be injuryinduced in all plant organs (5).According to the current model, suberin consists of an aromatic domain and an aliphatic domain that is probably attached to the aromatic domain (10). The phenolic monomers derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway are polym-

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“…In addition, it is present in the periderm that forms the outer tissue of stems during the secondary growth stage (Kolattukudy, 1981;Zeier and Schreiber, 1998;Nawrath, 2002;Franke et al, 2005). Suberin is also deposited in response to abscisic acid (ABA; a phytohormone) wounding and upon pathogen attack to establish a water-impermeable barrier (Soliday et al, 1978;Cottle and Kolattukudy, 1982;Vogt et al, 1983).…”

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A Central Role of Abscisic Acid in Drought Stress Protection of Agrobacterium-Induced Tumors on Arabidopsis

Efetova¹,

Zeier²,

Riederer³

et al. 2007

Plant Physiology

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Crown gall tumors induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens represent a sink that has to be provided with nutrients and water by the host plant. The lack of an intact epidermis or cuticle results in uncontrolled loss of water. However, neither the tumor nor the host plant displays wilting. This phenomenon points to drought adaptation in both tumors and the crown gall host plant. To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of protection against desiccation the gene expression pattern of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) tumors was integrated with the profile of stress metabolites: Arabidopsis tumors accumulated high amounts of abscisic acid (ABA), the ethylene precursor aminocyclopropyl carboxylic acid, osmoprotectants, and form a suberized periderm-like protective layer. Suberization of the outer tumor cell layers most likely is mediated by ABA since external application of ABA induced suberization of Arabidopsis roots. However, the expression level of the classical marker genes, known to respond to drought stress and/or ABA, was lower in tumors. Instead another set of drought and/or ABAinducible genes was more highly transcribed. Elevated transcription of several ABA-dependent aquaporin genes might indicate that ABA controls the water balance of the tumor. The retarded tumor growth on abi and aba mutant plants underlined the importance of a tumor-specific ABA signaling pathway. Taken together, we propose that ABA is an important signal for protection of tumors against desiccation and thus supports tumor development.

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Suberization: Inhibition by Washing and Stimulation by Abscisic Acid in Potato Disks and Tissue Culture

Cited by 63 publications

References 10 publications

Abscisic Acid Stimulation of Suberization

Abscisic Acid Stimulation of Suberization

Chemical Characterization of Stress-Induced Vascular Coating in Tomato

A Central Role of Abscisic Acid in Drought Stress Protection of Agrobacterium-Induced Tumors on Arabidopsis

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