Suberin lamellae of the onion root endodermis: their pattern of development and continuity

Waduwara, C. Ishari WaduwaraC.I.; Walcott, Shantel; Peterson, Carol A.

doi:10.1139/b08-038

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Yet, despite repeated attempts, we were unable to establish a ClearSee‐compatible procedure with this dye. By contrast, we showed that Nile Red, a dye which has been suggested to stain suberin (Waduwara et al ., ), is compatible with ClearSee and exhibited a red‐spectrum emission (Figures f and S1). Overnight staining of Arabidopsis roots gave a very strong fluorescent signal, specifically in the endodermis (Figure f).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

A protocol for combining fluorescent proteins with histological stains for diverse cell wall components

et al. 2018

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Higher plant function is contingent upon the complex three-dimensional (3D) architecture of plant tissues, yet severe light scattering renders deep, 3D tissue imaging very problematic. Although efforts to 'clear' tissues have been ongoing for over a century, many innovations have been made in recent years. Among them, a protocol called ClearSee efficiently clears tissues and diminishes chlorophyll autofluorescence while maintaining fluorescent proteins - thereby allowing analysis of gene expression and protein localisation in cleared samples. To further increase the usefulness of this protocol, we have developed a ClearSee-based toolbox in which a number of classical histological stains for lignin, suberin and other cell wall components can be used in conjunction with fluorescent reporter lines. We found that a number of classical dyes are highly soluble in ClearSee solution, allowing the old staining protocols to be enormously simplified; these additionally have been unsuitable for co-visualisation with fluorescent markers due to harsh fixation and clearing. Consecutive staining with several dyes allows 3D co-visualisation of distinct cell wall modifications with fluorescent proteins - used as transcriptional reporters or protein localisation tools - deep within tissues. Moreover, the protocol is easily applied on hand sections of different organs. In combination with confocal microscopy, this improves image quality while decreasing the time and cost of embedding/sectioning. It thus provides a low-cost, efficient method for studying thick plant tissues which are usually cumbersome to visualise. Our ClearSee-adapted protocols significantly improve and speed up anatomical and developmental investigations in numerous plant species, and we hope they will contribute to new discoveries in many areas of plant research.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

A protocol for combining fluorescent proteins with histological stains for diverse cell wall components

et al. 2018

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“…This suggests that the number of passage cells in the EN would be a significant factor in determining the water flow though the plasmalemma. However, early deposition of SL and a reduced number of passage cells in the EN and exodermis of stagnant roots failed to reduce transmembrane water flow below those of the roots from the aerated solution, suggesting that perforated lamellae in the EN and exodermis serve as portals for water, as earlier described by Waduwara, Walcott & Peterson (2008) in onion roots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Stagnant deoxygenated growth enhances root suberization and lignifications, but differentially affects water and NaCl permeabilities in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots

Ranathunge

Lin

Steudle

et al. 2011

Plant Cell & Environment

108

110

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It has been shown that rice roots grown in a stagnant medium develop a tight barrier to radial oxygen loss (ROL), whereas aerated roots do not. This study investigated whether the induction of a barrier to ROL affects water and solute permeabilities. Growth in stagnant medium markedly reduced the root growth rate relative to aerated conditions. Histochemical studies revealed an early deposition of Casparian bands (CBs) and suberin lamellae (SL) in both the endodermis (EN) and exodermis, and accelerated lignification of stagnant roots. The absolute amounts of suberin, lignin and esterified aromatics (coumaric and ferulic acid) in these barriers were significantly higher in stagnant roots. However, correlative permeability studies revealed that early deposition of barriers in stagnant roots failed to reduce hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) below those of aerated roots. In contrast to Lpr, the NaCl permeability (Psr) of stagnant roots was markedly lower than that of aerated roots, as indicated by an increased reflection coefficient (ssr). In stagnant roots, Psr decreased by 60%, while ssr increased by 55%. The stagnant medium differentially affected the Lpr and Psr of roots, which can be explained in terms of the physical properties of the molecules used and the size of the pores in the apoplast.

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“…All anatomical measurements were performed in biological triplicate and subjected to statistical analysis by two-tailed Student's t test to determine their significance relative to oat parental lines (P , 0.01). Nile red (0.01% in 85% lactic acid saturated with chloral hydrate) was used to determine the presence of lipids using epifluorescence Waduwara et al, 2008).…”

Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Maize Chromosomes in the C3 Plant Oat Can Increase Bundle Sheath Cell Size and Vein Density

et al. 2012

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C4 photosynthesis has evolved in at least 66 lineages within the angiosperms and involves alterations to the biochemistry, cell biology, and development of leaves. The characteristic “Kranz” anatomy of most C4 leaves was discovered in the 1890s, but the genetic basis of these traits remains poorly defined. Oat × maize addition lines allow the effects of individual maize (Zea mays; C4) chromosomes to be investigated in an oat (Avena sativa; C3) genetic background. Here, we have determined the extent to which maize chromosomes can introduce C4 characteristics into oat and have associated any C4-like changes with specific maize chromosomes. While there is no indication of a simultaneous change to C4 biochemistry, leaf anatomy, and ultrastructure in any of the oat × maize addition lines, the C3 oat leaf can be modified at multiple levels. Maize genes encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase, and the 2′-oxoglutarate/malate transporter are expressed in oat and generate transcripts of the correct size. Three maize chromosomes independently cause increases in vein density, and maize chromosome 3 results in larger bundle sheath cells with increased cell wall lipid deposition in oat leaves. These data provide proof of principle that aspects of C4 biology could be integrated into leaves of C3 crops.

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Suberin lamellae of the onion root endodermis: their pattern of development and continuity

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

A protocol for combining fluorescent proteins with histological stains for diverse cell wall components

A protocol for combining fluorescent proteins with histological stains for diverse cell wall components

Stagnant deoxygenated growth enhances root suberization and lignifications, but differentially affects water and NaCl permeabilities in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots

Individual Maize Chromosomes in the C3 Plant Oat Can Increase Bundle Sheath Cell Size and Vein Density

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