Subdural hematoma in term infants

Chamnanvanakij, Sangkae; Rollins, Nancy; Perlman, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1016/s0887-8994(01)00420-9

Cited by 53 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although uncommon, both in utero hemorrhage and hemorrhages following uncomplicated deliveries have been reported. 34,[36][37][38][39][40] Subdural hemorrhages range from (asymptomatic) small lesions, presenting as an incidental finding on neuroimaging, to massive hemorrhage, causing rapidly deteriorating neurological function and signs of brain stem compression. 34 Severe hemorrhages present within the first 12 to 72 hours of life with abnormal neurological signs, such as seizures, apnea, hypotonia, cyanotic episodes, hemiparesis, decreased movements, and unequal or sluggish pupils.…”

Section: Intracranial Bleedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34 Severe hemorrhages present within the first 12 to 72 hours of life with abnormal neurological signs, such as seizures, apnea, hypotonia, cyanotic episodes, hemiparesis, decreased movements, and unequal or sluggish pupils. 33,39,41,42 The presence of a full fontanel or a rapidly enlarging head circumference may indicate increasing intracranial pressure, which may be a complication of a severe subdural hemorrhage. 36,39 Both the clinical presentation and severity of the hemorrhage vary depending on location; most hemorrhages occur over the cerebral hemispheres or within the posterior fossa.…”

Section: Intracranial Bleedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33,39,41,42 The presence of a full fontanel or a rapidly enlarging head circumference may indicate increasing intracranial pressure, which may be a complication of a severe subdural hemorrhage. 36,39 Both the clinical presentation and severity of the hemorrhage vary depending on location; most hemorrhages occur over the cerebral hemispheres or within the posterior fossa. Hemorrhage into the posterior fossa can cause symptoms of brain-stem compression, including coma, abnormal pupil reactivity, and changes in vital signs, opisthotonis, and severe, progressive neu- rological deterioration.…”

Section: Intracranial Bleedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the hemorrhage is extensive and aggressive therapy is required, there is a significant risk of developmental delay or cerebral palsy. 39 Overall, the mortality rate is 5% to 7%; 7% to 13% of surviving infants develop some type of major sequelae. 33,44 Table 2 provides a guide to differentiate between head lesions.…”

Section: Intracranial Bleedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Part 1

Parker

2005

Advances in Neonatal Care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) Sentinel Event Alert from July 21, 2004 states that there have been 47 cases of birth trauma-related perinatal death or permanent disability reported for JCAHO review since 1996. This report clearly illustrates the importance of birth trauma in clinical practice for neonatal and perinatal nurses. Estimates suggest that birth trauma occurs in 2% to 7% of all deliveries and is associated with an increase in both mortality and morbidity. Birth trauma to the head may result in minor superficial extracranial injuries, such as caput succedaneum and cephalohematoma, or more serious and potentially life threatening lesions such as subgaleal hemorrhages. The potential for deeper intracranial injury, such as subarachnoid or subdural hemorrhage exists; these may be isolated or associated with skull fractures and/or other extracranial injuries. Injury to the eye, nasal structures, and paralysis of the vocal cords may also result from birth trauma during a difficulty delivery. Part 1 of this 2-part article will focus on birth injuries to the head and face. Part 2 of the series will review more systemic birth injuries that may involve abdominal organs, the spine and skeletal system, and peripheral and facial nerves.

show abstract

Section: Intracranial Bleedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intracranial Bleedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intracranial Bleedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intracranial Bleedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Part 1

Parker

2005

Advances in Neonatal Care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They are: (a) early germinal matrix hemorrhage, (b) late germinal matrix hemorrhage and (c) late peri-/intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) excluding germinal matrix hemorrhage [12]. Predisposing factors include prior hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injury, sepsis, and coagulopathy in association with subarachnoid or subdural hemorrhage [13, 14]. The incidence of IVH in infants <1,000 g is 50–60%, and in infants 1,000–1,500 g, the incidence is 10–20% or sometimes it might reach 50% [15]; approximately 90% of IVH occurs by the 4th postnatal day with 50% occurring on the first postnatal day.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage of Prematurity: Treatment Approaches and Outcomes in a Single Institutional Review in the Ukraine

Lim¹,

Volkodav²

2009

Pediatr Neurosurg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To review the treatment outcome of germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) in premature infants in a single Ukrainian institution in an effort to determine optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Materials and Methods: Eight hundred and thirty-five premature newborns (gestational age 33.0 ± 2.50 weeks, birth weight 2,124.81 ± 282.54 g; mean ± SD) were examined for the development of perinatal hypoxic-ischemia injury and asphyxia condition. This research focuses on various types of massive intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). The diagnostic methods were based on intracranial imaging studies and clinical features that are present at birth. The therapeutic and preventive strategies consist of parental counseling, supportive and rehabilitative care for affected infants. Surgical intervention was indicated for the prevention and treatment of severe PHH. Thirty-four preterm infants were treated by ventricular-peritoneal/subgaleal shunting with close monitoring of intracerebral pressure. Results: Massive GMH took place at 32–35 gestational weeks as a result of increased periventricular anastomosis. GMH was unusual in full-term newborns, whereas cerebral hypoxic-ischemic injuries were more common in full-term neonates. Approximately 98% of premature infants with low birth weight survived and 2% died due to respiratory distress syndrome and other complications. ICH which occurs in neonates at 24–28 gestational weeks was mainly due to immature vascular walls and insufficiency of vascular anastomosis at the germinal matrix. Conclusions: ICH occurring in the germinal matrix of premature newborns is closely related to the development of the brain vasculature. Evacuation of the hematoma is more detrimental than beneficial, despite the rapid strides being taken to keep low-birth weight premature infants alive. Therefore, the treatment of ICH and PHH requires a fundamental understanding of pathogenetic changes, which is necessary for the neurorehabilitation and immediate elimination of cerebral compression and its complications.

show abstract

Shaken Baby Syndrome

Squier

2009

Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent pathological, clinical, and biomechanical evidence questions the validity of the shaken baby syndrome (SBS), usually diagnosed by finding the triad of retinal hemorrhage, encephalopathy, and subdural hemorrhage (SDH) in infants. Retinal hemorrhages have many other causes and are more common after the occurrence of natural disease and accidents than inflicted injury. Encephalopathy results from hypoxic‐ischemic injury rather than traumatic axonal injury. Trauma is a common cause of infant SDH, but there are other causes and a quarter of normal births are associated with SDH on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. SDH is usually a thin bilateral film, and its source is traditionally ascribed to torn bridging veins. This is unproven and rarely documented. The dura is an alternative source; bleeding into the dura is common in asphyxiated infants. SDH evolves into a reactive membrane containing thin‐walled capillaries. Recurrent bleeding into these membranes is seen on microscopy. Some SDH evolves into chronic fluid collections, the causes for which are unknown. Biomechanical studies have failed to show that shaking can cause SDH. The forces generated by shaking are far less than those resulting from impact, including low‐level falls. The importance of considering the birth and early clinical history when examining a case of suspected abuse in emphasized.

show abstract

Subdural hematoma in term infants

Cited by 53 publications

References 14 publications

Part 1

Part 1

Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage of Prematurity: Treatment Approaches and Outcomes in a Single Institutional Review in the Ukraine

Shaken Baby Syndrome

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About