Subduction of <scp>P</scp>acific <scp>A</scp>ntarctic <scp>I</scp>ntermediate <scp>W</scp>ater in an eddy‐resolving model

Hiraike, Yuri; Tanaka, Yukio; Hasumi, Hiroyasu

doi:10.1002/2015jc010802

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 53 publications

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“…which is comparable to the value for mesoscales (Hiraike et al, 2016;Salle'e & Rintoul, 2011). Next, using (25) in (4) and then in S b (SM) = u + Á ∇H + w + , one obtains: Figure 1.…”

Section: Journal Of Geophysical Research: Oceanssupporting

confidence: 78%

Subduction by Submesoscales

2018

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Several studies have demonstrated the relevance of submesoscales (SM) to the production of phytoplankton and the ocean absorption of anthropogenic CO2. One variable that thus far has not been fully quantified is the SM‐induced rates of subduction and obduction at the bottom of the mixed layer. In this work, we use an SM parameterization that had been previously assessed to estimate the rates of subduction‐obduction using a coarse resolution stand‐alone ocean code to compute the large‐scale fields. To separate the contributions of baroclinic instabilities from those due to wind stress, we derive an analytic expression for the SM subduction‐obduction rates. Since there are no numerical simulations and/or measurements to assess the results, we compare them to subduction rates due to mesoscales for which an eddy‐permitting southern ocean state estimate is available. An interesting result is that in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current the maximum SM subduction rates are not significantly smaller than those due to mesoscales, but the SM subduction rates exhibit a topology opposite to that of mesoscales: obduction is equatorward and subduction is poleward. Sensitivity studies are presented to explore the dependence of the results on the depth of the SM vertical extent and the SM kinetic energy. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that the SM‐induced subduction should not be neglected because topology and magnitude indicate that mesoscales and submesoscales may add to or subtract from one another.

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“…which is comparable to the value for mesoscales (Hiraike et al, 2016;Salle'e & Rintoul, 2011). Next, using (25) in (4) and then in S b (SM) = u + Á ∇H + w + , one obtains: Figure 1.…”

Section: Journal Of Geophysical Research: Oceanssupporting

confidence: 78%

Subduction by Submesoscales

2018

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Stationary Rossby waves dominate subduction of anthropogenic carbon in the Southern Ocean

Langlais

Lenton

Matear

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The Southern Ocean has taken up more than 40% of the total anthropogenic carbon (Cant) stored in the oceans since the preindustrial era, mainly in subantarctic mode and intermediate waters (SAMW-AAIW). However, the physical mechanisms responsible for the transfer of Cant into the ocean interior remain poorly understood. Here, we use high resolution (1/10°) ocean simulations to investigate these mechanisms at the SAMW-AAIW subduction hotspots. Mesoscale Stationary Rossby Waves (SRWs), generated where the Antarctic Circumpolar Current interacts with topography, make the dominant contribution to the Cant transfer in SAMW-AAIW in the Indian and Pacific sectors (66% and 95% respectively). Eddy-resolving simulations reproduce the observed Cant sequestration in these layers, while lower spatial resolution models, that do not reproduce SRWs, underestimate the inventory of Cant in these layers by 40% and overestimate the storage in denser layers. A key implication is that climate model simulations, that lack sufficient resolution to represent sequestration by SRWs, are therefore likely to overestimate the residence time of Cant in the ocean, with implications for simulated rates of climate change.

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Ventilation of the Southern Ocean Pycnocline

Morrison

Waugh

Hogg

et al. 2022

Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci.

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Ocean ventilation is the transfer of tracers and young water from the surface down into the ocean interior. The tracers that can be transported to depth include anthropogenic heat and carbon, both of which are critical to understanding future climate trajectories. Ventilation occurs in both high- and midlatitude regions, but it is the southern midlatitudes that are responsible for the largest fraction of anthropogenic heat and carbon uptake; such Southern Ocean ventilation is the focus of this review. Southern Ocean ventilation occurs through a chain of interconnected mechanisms, including the zonally averaged meridional overturning circulation, localized subduction, eddy-driven mixing along isopycnals, and lateral transport by subtropical gyres. To unravel the complex pathways of ventilation and reconcile conflicting results, here we assess the relative contribution of each of thesemechanisms, emphasizing the three-dimensional and temporally varying nature of the ventilation of the Southern Ocean pycnocline. We conclude that Southern Ocean ventilation depends on multiple processes and that simplified frameworks that explain ventilation changes through a single process are insufficient.

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Subduction of Pacific Antarctic Intermediate Water in an eddy‐resolving model

Cited by 7 publications

References 53 publications

Subduction by Submesoscales

Subduction by Submesoscales

Stationary Rossby waves dominate subduction of anthropogenic carbon in the Southern Ocean

Ventilation of the Southern Ocean Pycnocline

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