Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator in patients awaiting cardiac transplantation or left ventricular assist device for refractory heart failure: a feasible alternative to transvenous device?

Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and left ventricular assist devices for refractory heart failure: attention to possible interference

“…S-ICD represents an attractive option for most patients with heart failure without a pacing indication. [1][2][3][4] However, there are limited and controversial data on the performance of the S-ICD in patients with…”

“…The S-ICD was developed as an alternative to conventional ICD to avoid intravenous lead-related complications and infection. S-ICD represents an attractive option for most patients with heart failure without a pacing indication 1–4 . However, there are limited and controversial data on the performance of the S-ICD in patients with LVADs especially with the HeartMate 3.…”

Cardiac cachexia: the mandate to increase clinician awareness

“…A better understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure has led to several important improvements in terms of pharmacological, device and surgical treatment options, resulting in a significant decline in mortality and morbidity rates [6][7][8]. At the same time, the need of palliative support in end-stage heart failure has grown in importance [9,10].…”