Subcutaneous Emphysema Risk Following Indwelling Pleural Catheter Insertion During Rigid Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy

Abstract

Background: Local anesthetic thoracoscopy (LAT) is important in the diagnosis of unilateral pleural effusions. Indwelling pleural catheters (IPC) can be inserted during LAT if a nonexpandable lung is suspected. Subcutaneous emphysema (SCE) is a known complication and is associated with increased morbidity and length of stay. It is unclear however if the incidence of SCE is affected if IPC is inserted through a separate incision to the LAT port. We aim to establish the incidence and grading of SCE when IPC is inserted during LAT and to determine if the site of IPC placement influences this.Methods: Retrospective analysis of LAT electronic records and radiology images over 8 years in a University Hospital. The incidence of SCE was assessed during admission and follow-up with the severity of SCE graded 0 to 4 (0 none; 1 at IPC site; 2 ipsilateral chest wall; 3 ipsilateral neck; 4 contralateral chest wall).Results: 55 combined LAT and IPC procedures were performed. In 28 patients the IPC was inserted through the LAT port and in 27 the IPC was inserted in a separate intercostal space (ICS) to the LAT port. On day zero, the incidence of any SCE was lower if the IPC was inserted using a separate ICS to the LAT port compared with the same site as the LAT port(P = 0.01). This was similarly reduced on discharge chest radiographs and subsequent follow-up.Conclusion: IPC insertion at LAT using a separate ICS to the LAT port is associated with a reduction in the incidence of SCE during admission and follow-up.