Subcutaneous Clostridial Infection in Broilers

Hofacre, Charles L.; French, Juliet D.; Page, R. K.; Fletcher, O. J.

doi:10.2307/1590434

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Prophylaxis and Therapy C. perfringens is commonly susceptible to penicillin G, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, avilamycin, salinomycin, monensin, furazolidone, rifampin, bacitracin, carbadox, erythromycin, lincomycin, clindamycin, amprolium, nitrovin, and virginiamycin but is resistant to flavomycin and usually to aminoglycosides (48,72,73,91,94,135,155,173,215,221,243,256,337). Prophylaxis in swine by use of bacitracin has been effective (373), and in chickens, virginiamycin, nitrovin, tylosin, penicillin, ampicillin, bacitracin, furazolidone, and efrotomycin have apparently been useful in limiting shedding (336,383,403,404), although quantitative data are evidently not available.…”

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confidence: 99%

Clostridial enteric diseases of domestic animals

1996

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Clostridial enteric diseases of domestic animals

1996

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“…Poultry gangrene infections commonly involve C. perfringens and other members of the histotoxic clostridia, primarily Clostridium septicum, although some nonclostridial species have also been implicated (12,21,39). Poultry gangrene can be initiated via environmental contamination of an external wound; however, recent evidence supports an endogenous, likely gastrointestinal, route of infection in cases of subcutaneous gas gangrene (26).…”

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Multilocus Sequence Typing Subtypes of Poultry Clostridium perfringens Isolates Demonstrate Disease Niche Partitioning

Hibberd¹,

Neumann²,

Rehberger³

et al. 2011

J Clin Microbiol

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Clostridium perfringens is a ubiquitous and versatile pathogenic bacterium and is implicated in the etiology of the poultry diseases necrotic enteritis (NE) and poultry gangrene (PG). In this study, multilocus sequence typing was used to investigate genotypic relationships among 139 C. perfringens isolates from 74 flocks. These isolates had multiple disease, host, and environmental origins. The results indicated a polymorphic yet highly clonal population, with 79.6% of all isolates partitioning into one of six clonal complexes or two dominant sequence types, ST-9 and ST-31. The most prolific clonal complex, CC-1, contained 27.3% of all isolates and was not clearly associated with one particular disease. The subtypes CC-4 and ST-31 were highly associated with NE and represented 9.4% and 7.2% of the total isolates, respectively. No PG-associated and NE-associated C. perfringens isolates shared the same sequence type or clonal complex. NE-associated subtypes were more clonal and appeared more evolutionarily divergent than PG-associated subtypes, which tended to cluster in the more ancestral lineages alongside isolates from asymptomatic chickens and turkeys. Toxin gene screening identified cpb2 throughout these isolates and correlated the presence of netB with NE pathology. Previous investigations into the genetic basis of C. perfringens pathogenicity have focused on toxins and other variable genetic elements. This study presents the first sequence-based comparison of C. perfringens isolates recovered in clinical cases of PG and NE and demonstrates that niche specialization is observable in the core genomes of poultry-associated C. perfringens isolates, a concept with both epidemiological and evolutionary significance.

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“…Both C. perfringens and C. septicum may contribute synergistically to severe disease pathology associated with GD, but the role of other infectious agents in field GD cases remains to be clarified (Frazier et al, 1964;Saunders & Bickford, 1965;Hofacre et al, 1986). Since the first reported case of GD in 1930, this infection has been reported worldwide (Wages & Opengart, 2003a), and is responsible for significant economic losses for the global poultry industry (Bains & MacKenzie, 1975;Fowler & Hussaini, 1975).…”

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confidence: 99%