Subcutaneous and Deep Mycoses

Grossman, Marc E.; Fox, Lindy P.; Kovarik, Carrie L.; Rosenbach, Misha

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1578-8_1

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…Mucormycosis, or the so-called “Black Fungus” in India, is caused by members of the filamentous mold fungus, the Mucorales, such as Apophysomyces , Cokeromyces , Cunninghamella , Lichtheimia , Mortierella , Mucor , Rhizopus , Rhizomucor , Saksenaea , Syncephalastrum , and Thamnostylum [ 1 , 2 ]. The genera of Mucorales are one of the best decomposers of organic materials and are often found in decaying organic materials such as rooted fruits and vegetables, plant litter, and animal manure.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Taxa Responsible for Mucormycosis/“Black Fungus” among COVID-19 Patients in India

Divakar

2021

JoF

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Mucormycosis is caused by fungi belonging to the order Mucorales. The term “Black Fungus” has been widely applied to human pathogenic Mucorales in India. They mainly infect the sinuses and brain, lungs, stomach and intestines, and skin. While this has been considered a rare disease, thousands of cases have been reported during the second wave of COVID-19 in India, between the months of April and June 2021. Hitherto, more than 45,374 cases and over 4300 deaths have been reported among COVID-19 patients across India from April 2021 to July 21, 2021. Though the mortality rate is estimated to be 50%, it could be above 90% if left untreated. In India, Rhizopus arrhizus has been related to be the most common species to cause human mucormycosis, followed by Apophysomyces variabilis, Rhizopus microsporus, and R. homothallicus. Accurate sample identification of human pathogenic Mucorales species is challenging especially due to the frequent lack of diagnostic morphological features. Traditionally, the culture-based approach has been extensively used to isolate and characterize human pathogenic Mucorales. However, this may not be an appropriate approach to objectively isolate and characterize all species, as the germination and growth of fungal spores are highly dependent on culture media and environmental conditions. Therefore, a robust approach to the accurate and rapid identification of human pathogenic Mucorales species is a prerequisite. The metagenomic approach comprehensively sequences and analyzes all genetic material in a complex biological sample and, consequently, this could be an appropriate approach to objectively characterize human pathogenic Mucorales taxa without the need for in vitro culture. The precise identification of the species will not only be useful for the correct diagnosis of this disease, but also for the development of antifungal drugs specific for each species. Accurate and rapid species identification is desperately needed to save lives in the mucormycosis outbreak among COVID-19 patients in India and neighboring countries.

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Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Taxa Responsible for Mucormycosis/“Black Fungus” among COVID-19 Patients in India

Divakar

2021

JoF

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“…symptoms such as congestion or flu are considered. Many patients develop cholardagemysinusitis [3]. Swelling on one side of the face, rapidly growing "black lesions" from the nose or hard palate in the upper part of the mouth, one eye is swollen and bulging, and vision may be blurred or completely lost [1], [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Mucormycosis in Patients With Covid-19

Ogli¹,

Rakhimjonovich²,

Ogli³

2023

ijmscr

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The development of mucormycosis is also caused by the lack of timely diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic hemisinusitis after suffering from Covid-19, as well as the omission of intraocular and intracerebral complications. Timely diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis during a pandemic are of great importance in the rapid recovery of the general condition of patients, and prevention of sinus thrombosis and other complications.

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“…It mostly infects sinuses, brain causing headache, epistaxis, fever, etc. [9]. Patient who is already suffering from diabetes, blood disorders, AIDS, or has history long-term use of steroids are prone to be affected with secondary infection of mucormycosis [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Mucormycosis a Global Threat: A Systemic Review

Biswas

Pramanik

Mandal

et al. 2021

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objectives: According to the recent studies, it is seen that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is associated with many bacterial and fungal infections. In case of COVID-19 patients, diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) are the prime risk factors and during the course of treatment, patients develop secondary fungal infections like mucormycosis. We conducted a systemic review of the present scenario and tried to evaluate the association of mucormycosis with COVID-19. Methods: We searched articles related to the COVID-19 associated mucormycosis, in PubMed, IndMed, and Cochrane Library. We conducted a meta-analysis on the basis of systemically reviewed all articles which reported COVID-19 associated with mucormycosis. We analyzed comorbidity, treatment, and outcome of patients in association with COVID-19 and mucormycosis. Results: We found a total of 196 articles based on mucormycosis, out of which only 25 were selected on the basis of our inclusion and exclusion criteria. 71 cases were found and most of the cases were from India and USA. We also found that it was more prevalent among male patients and patients with DM, and in association with HTN. Conclusion: It is seen from the studies that patients already suffering from DM and HTN when infected with coronavirus are most likely to develop mucormycosis. Treatment of latent DM, prediabetic patients, conversely, that efforts to diagnose, detect, and treat DM may have a beneficial influence in the treatment of secondary fungal infections like mucormycosis. Finding out all the cases of DM and treatment of DM can carry out an advantageous effect in all patients suffering from COVID-19.

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Subcutaneous and Deep Mycoses

Cited by 5 publications

References 183 publications

Fungal Taxa Responsible for Mucormycosis/“Black Fungus” among COVID-19 Patients in India

Fungal Taxa Responsible for Mucormycosis/“Black Fungus” among COVID-19 Patients in India

Analysis of Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Mucormycosis in Patients With Covid-19

Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Mucormycosis a Global Threat: A Systemic Review

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