Subcortical intelligence: Caudate volume predicts IQ in healthy adults

Grazioplene, Rachael; Ryman, Sephira G.; Gray, Jeremy R.; Rustichini, Aldo; Jung, Rex E.; DeYoung, Colin G.

doi:10.1002/hbm.22710

Cited by 57 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Finally, we opted to include subcortical volumes in a post-hoc (non-pre-registered) analysis. Consistent with prior reports (Basten et al, 2015;Grazioplene et al, 2015;Rhein et al, 2014), we found significant bilateral associations with the caudate, though these were not significantly larger than the magnitudes found for the majority of subcortical structures. In fact, thalamic volume was substantially more strongly related to general intelligence (≥1.5 times as large) than any other subcortical structure (r for left and right = 0.255 and 0.251).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Likewise, we hypothesised that thalamic and association fibres, plus forceps minor will show the statistically largest associations with general intelligence. The additional use of subcortical volumes was an addition to our preregistered plan; subcortical structure did not figure largely in the P-FIT (Jung & Haier., 2007), though more recent work has reported associations between intelligence and overall subcortical volume (Ritchie et al, 2015), caudate (Basten et al, 2015;Grazioplene et al, 2015;Rhein et al, 2014), hippocampal (Valdés Hernández et al, 2017) and thalamic volume (Bohlken et al, 2014).…”

Section: Associations Between G and Regional Brain Mri Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain imaging correlates of general intelligence in UK Biobank

Cox¹,

Ritchie

Fawns-Ritchie

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The associations between indices of brain structure and measured intelligence are not clear. In part, this is because the evidence to date comes from mostly small and heterogenous studies. Here, we report brain structure-intelligence associations on a large sample from the UK Biobank study. The overall N = 29,004, with N = 18,363 participants providing both brain MRI and cognitive data, and a minimum N = 7318 providing the MRI data alongside a complete four-test battery. Participants' age range was 44-81 years (M = 63.13, SD = 7.48). A general factor of intelligence (g) was extracted from four varied cognitive tests, accounting for one third of the variance in the cognitive test scores. The association between (age-and sex-corrected) total brain volume and a latent factor of general intelligence is r = 0.275, 95% C.I. = [0.252, 0.299]. A model that incorporated multiple global measures of grey and white matter macro-and microstructure accounted for more than double the g variance in older participants compared to those in middle-age (13.4% and 5.9%, respectively). There were no sex differences in the magnitude of associations between g and total brain volume or other global aspects of brain structure. The largest brain regional correlates of g were volumes of the insula, frontal, anterior/superior and medial temporal, posterior and paracingulate, lateral occipital cortices, thalamic volume, and the white matter microstructure of thalamic and association fibres, and of the forceps minor.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Associations Between G and Regional Brain Mri Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain imaging correlates of general intelligence in UK Biobank

Cox¹,

Ritchie

Fawns-Ritchie

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Syntactic processing, likewise, appears to involve the left caudate and putamen, as well as the globus pallidus (Friederici et al, 1999;Kotz et al, 2003;Friederici et al, 2003b,a;Newman et al, 2010). And, most directly related to the findings here, morphological measures of the basal ganglia have been associated with IQ (MacDonald et al, 2000;Isaacs et al, 2008;Grazioplene et al, 2015), with some specificity of the core relation being between the caudate and VIQ (Isaacs et al, 2008;Grazioplene et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Moreover, it seems likely that including the intensity contrast at the subcortical gray-white boundaries might capture additional aspects of brain maturation related to cognitive development. Subcortical regions play important roles in cognitive, affective, and social functions (Johnson, 2005;Utter and Basso, 2008;van Schouwenburg et al, 2010;Fischi-Gómez et al, 2014;Humphries and Prescott, 2010;Grazioplene et al, 2015;Bohlken et al, 2016;Guo et al, 2006;Isaacs et al, 2008), and subcortical abnormalities have been associated with various psychiatric disorders (Rimol et al, 2010;Hartberg et al, 2011;Cerliani et al, 2015;Hibar et al, 2016;Hoogman et al, 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical and subcortical T1 white/gray contrast, chronological age, and cognitive performance

Lewis

Fonov

Collins

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The maturational schedule of typical brain development is tightly constrained; deviations from it are associated with cognitive atypicalities, and are potentially predictive of developmental disorders. Previously, we have shown that the white/gray contrast at the inner border of the cortex is a good predictor of chronological age, and is sensitive to aspects of brain development that reflect cognitive performance. Here we extend that work to include the contrast at the white/gray border of subcortical structures. We show that cortical and subcortical contrast together yield better age-predictions than any non-kernel-based method based on a single image-type, and that the residuals of the improved predictions provide new insight into unevenness in cognitive performance. We demonstrate the improvement in age predictions in two large datasets: the NIH Pediatric Data, with 831 scans of typically developing individuals between 4 and 22 years of age; and the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics data, with 909 scans of individuals in a similar age-range. Assessment of the relation of the residuals of these age predictions to verbal and performance IQ revealed correlations in opposing directions, and a principal component analysis of the residuals of the model that best fit the contrast data produced components related to either performance IQ or verbal IQ. Performance IQ was associated with the first principle component, reflecting increased cortical contrast, broadly, with almost no subcortical presence; verbal IQ was associated with the second principle component, reflecting reduced contrast in the basal ganglia and increased contrast in the bilateral arcuate fasciculi.

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“…A clear candidate for one of the neuroanatomical bases of cognitive ageing is brain volume. Measures of total brain volume, as well as the volumes of specific tissue types, have consistently been shown to correlate with cognitive ability level throughout adulthood [Arvanitakis et al, in press;Grazioplene et al, 2015;Pietschnig et al, 2014], and changes in brain tissue volumes accompany normal ageing, with healthy tissue volumes declining and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes increasing [Fjell and Walhovd, 2010;Fleischman et al, 2014;Prins and Scheltens, 2015]. In a two-wave longitudinal study with a large narrow-age cohort, we investigate the associations between changes in important domains of cognitive ability and in total brain volume, grey matter volume, normal-appearing white matter volume, and volume of WMH during the eighth decade of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain volumetric changes and cognitive ageing during the eighth decade of life

Ritchie

Dickie

Cox

et al. 2015

Human Brain Mapping

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Later‐life changes in brain tissue volumes—decreases in the volume of healthy grey and white matter and increases in the volume of white matter hyperintensities (WMH)—are strong candidates to explain some of the variation in ageing‐related cognitive decline. We assessed fluid intelligence, memory, processing speed, and brain volumes (from structural MRI) at mean age 73 years, and at mean age 76 in a narrow‐age sample of older individuals (n = 657 with brain volumetric data at the initial wave, n = 465 at follow‐up). We used latent variable modeling to extract error‐free cognitive levels and slopes. Initial levels of cognitive ability were predictive of subsequent brain tissue volume changes. Initial brain volumes were not predictive of subsequent cognitive changes. Brain volume changes, especially increases in WMH, were associated with declines in each of the cognitive abilities. All statistically significant results were modest in size (absolute r‐values ranged from 0.114 to 0.334). These results build a comprehensive picture of macrostructural brain volume changes and declines in important cognitive faculties during the eighth decade of life. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4910–4925, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc

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Subcortical intelligence: Caudate volume predicts IQ in healthy adults

Cited by 57 publications

References 48 publications

Brain imaging correlates of general intelligence in UK Biobank

Brain imaging correlates of general intelligence in UK Biobank

Cortical and subcortical T1 white/gray contrast, chronological age, and cognitive performance

Brain volumetric changes and cognitive ageing during the eighth decade of life

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