Subconjunctival Loa loa

Tyagi, Pallavi; Asensio, M. C. Bárcena; Bekir, Oral Adil; Jabir, Mohamad

doi:10.1136/bcr.06.2010.3075

Cited by 7 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These 52 cases, plus the expatriate patient described in the case reports above, are summarized in Table 2. Sixty-one cases (60.4%) were reported from Europe 8,12,16,17,[19][20][21]24,[26][27][28][29][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]42,43,[45][46][47][48][51][52][53][54]56,59,61,63,64,67,69,70,[72][73][74]77,[79][80][81][82][83][86][87][88][90][91]<...>…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The African country of acquisition of loiasis was not specified in nine cases; 8,11,14,16,29,49,61,73,89 56 Cameroon and Congo, 59 and Cameroon, Nigeria, and Niger 66 ). Microfilaremia was more common in immigrants (78.0%) 7,13,[21][22][23]26,31,35,37,39,40,47,48,52,58,61,63,67,70,74,75,80,82,[85][86][87][88]91,92 (including PR cases) than in expatriates and travelers (Table 3). In contrast, peripheral blood eosinophilia (95.3%) [8][9][10][11][12]14,16,[18]…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…66 Of those patients presenting with ocular loiasis, 21 were treated with medical therapy (15 with DEC, two with DEC plus mebendazole, two with albendazole, one with ivermectin, and one with ivermectin plus DEC) associated with surgical extraction of the adult worm from the eye. 6,7,9,10,[12][13][14]16,17,19,21,26,29,32,34,[37][38][39]42,45,47 Nine patients underwent surgical extraction only. 15,28,30,31,36,41,43,46 Eighteen patients were treated with different schemes of therapy: sequential administration of albendazole and DEC, 31 DEC alone, 23,40,44 ivermectin followed or preceded by albendazole and DEC 35 (and PR), and multiple courses of DEC followed by mebendazole and albendazole.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imported Loa loa filariasis: three cases and a review of cases reported in non-endemic countries in the past 25 years

Antinori

Schifanella

Million

et al. 2012

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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The aim of this study was to highlight the increasing chance of Western physicians encountering patients (both immigrants and expatriates/travelers) seeking help for loiasis. Methods: We describe three cases of imported loiasis observed at two hospitals in Italy and France, and present a review of all previously published cases in the medical literature in the last 25 years . The search was performed using PubMed and Scopus databases using the terms ''Loa loa'' AND ''loiasis''. Results: We reviewed 101 cases of imported loiasis of which 61 (60.4%) were reported from Europe and 31 (30.7%) from the USA. Seventy-five percent of infestations were acquired in three countries: Cameroon, Nigeria, and Gabon. Overall, peripheral blood microfilariae were detected in 61.4% of patients, eosinophilia in 82.1%, eye worm migration in 53.5%, and Calabar swellings in 41.6%. However, Calabar swellings and eosinophilia were more common among expatriates/travelers, whereas African immigrants were more likely to have microfilaremia. Eye worm migration was observed in a similar proportion in the two groups. Only 35 patients (including the three described here) underwent clinical follow-up for a median period of 10.5 months (range 1-84 months); clinical relapse occurred in three of these patients and persistence or reappearance of blood microfilaria in another two. Conclusions: Due to increasing travel and the migration of people from the endemic countries of West Africa to Europe and the USA, we speculate on the possible emergence of loiasis. Western physicians should be aware of the typical (eye worm migration and Calabar swellings) as well as unusual clinical presentations.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imported Loa loa filariasis: three cases and a review of cases reported in non-endemic countries in the past 25 years

Antinori

Schifanella

Million

et al. 2012

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…The presence of the worm in the subconjunctival space causes itching, foreign body sensation and mild conjunctival hyperaemia. 60 The worms can be seen to move under the conjunctiva. Eosinophilia is present.…”

Section: Loa Loamentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic Eye Disease in India and the World- A Major Review

Sarkar¹,

Bhattacharayya²,

Choudhuri³

et al. 2017

jemds

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BACKGROUNDParasites are a group of eukaryotic organisms. They may be free living, may form symbiotic relationships or form parasitic relationships with the hosts. The total number of recognised species of parasites are over 800,000. They may be unicellular or multicellular. Unicellular parasites include protozoa, while multicellular parasites include helminths and arthropods. The parasites are associated with human beings since the beginning of civilisation. The parasitic diseases are present worldwide including India. In addition to the already prevalent diseases, newer diseases are emerging in the clinical scenario. The systemic diseases like cysticercosis, paragonimiasis, hydatidosis and toxoplasmosis are common. Acquired toxoplasma infections are rising in incidence in immunodeficient individuals. Cestodes, trematodes, tissue flagellates and sporozoa affect human beings commonly including their eyes in different parts of the world. They thus constitute a real health problem globally. The basics of parasitology lie in morphological and pathological studies. This scope has extended further with recent updates in molecular parasitology. The present review discusses the principal ocular parasites found in India and the world with reference to microbiological and pathological aspects and gives outlines of management.

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“…The presence of the worm in the subconjunctival tissue leads to itching, foreign body sensation, and mild hyperemia. [74] A dead worm may induce an acute periorbital angioedema and conjunctival nodule formation. Intracameral migration of the worm is usually well tolerated.…”

Section: Loiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on pathology of ocular parasitic disease

Das

Ramachandra

Islam

et al. 2016

Indian J Ophthalmol

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Parasites are a group of eukaryotic organisms that may be free-living or form a symbiotic or parasitic relationship with the hosts. Consisting of over 800,000 recognized species, parasites may be unicellular (Protozoa) or multicellular (helminths and arthropods). The association of parasites with human population started long before the emergence of civilization. Parasitic zoonotic diseases are prevalent worldwide including India. Appropriate epidemiological data are lacking on existing zoonotic parasitic diseases, and newer diseases are emerging in our scenario. Systemic diseases such as cysticercosis, paragonimiasis, hydatidosis, and toxoplasmosis are fairly common. Acquired Toxoplasma infections are rising in immune-deficient individuals. Amongst the ocular parasitic diseases, various protozoas such as Cystoidea, trematodes, tissue flagellates, sporozoas etc. affect humans in general and eyes in particular, in different parts of the world. These zoonoses seem to be a real health related problem globally. Recent intensification of research throughout the world has led to specialization in biological fields, creating a conducive situation for researchers interested in this subject. The basics of parasitology lie in morphology, pathology, and with recent updates in molecular parasitology, the scope has extended further. The current review is to address the recent update in ophthalmic parasites with special reference to pathology and give a glimpse of further research in this field.

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Subconjunctival Loa loa

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Imported Loa loa filariasis: three cases and a review of cases reported in non-endemic countries in the past 25 years

Imported Loa loa filariasis: three cases and a review of cases reported in non-endemic countries in the past 25 years

Parasitic Eye Disease in India and the World- A Major Review

Update on pathology of ocular parasitic disease

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