Subconjunctival fat prolapse: a disease little known to radiologists

Tejo, Cynthia Ramos; Costa, Péricles Almeida da; Batista, Rafaella Martins; Rocha, Yuri Raoni Ramalho; Borba, Marcelle Alves

doi:10.1590/0100-3984.2015.0229

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Informed consent was obtained for the use of human orbital fat (n = 2) from patients undergoing routine resection of prolapsed orbital fat, which has been shown to be intraconal fat 50 , using a protocol approved by the Johns Hopkins University Institutional Review Board and following the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. RNA was extracted from each fat depot using Trizol and RNeasy mini kits (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and species-dependent regulation of browning in retrobulbar fat

Rajaii

Kim

Pan

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Retrobulbar fat deposits surround the posterior retina and optic nerve head, but their function and origin are obscure. We report that mouse retrobulbar fat is a neural crest-derived tissue histologically and transcriptionally resembles interscapular brown fat. In contrast, human retrobulbar fat closely resembles white adipose tissue. Retrobulbar fat is also brown in other rodents, which are typically housed at temperatures below thermoneutrality, but is white in larger animals. We show that retrobulbar fat in mice housed at thermoneutral temperature show reduced expression of the brown fat marker Ucp1, and histological properties intermediate between white and brown fat. We conclude that retrobulbar fat can potentially serve as a site of active thermogenesis, that this capability is both temperature and species-dependent, and that this may facilitate regulation of intraocular temperature.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and species-dependent regulation of browning in retrobulbar fat

Rajaii

Kim

Pan

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Human intraconal orbital fat was obtained from patients with TAO undergoing orbital decompression or controls undergoing routine resection of prolapsed orbital fat (Table ), which has been shown to be intraconal fat, 10 or primary enucleation for uveal melanoma using a protocol approved by the Johns Hopkins University Institutional Review Board and following the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Patients with TAO were inactive at the time of surgery, defined by a clinical activity score (CAS) less than 4.…”

Section: Bulk Rna-seqmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Profiling of Control and Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy (TAO) Orbital Fat and TAO Orbital Fibroblasts Undergoing Adipogenesis

Kim

Taneja

Hoang

et al. 2021

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE.Orbital fat hyperplasia commonly occurs in thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO). To understand molecular mechanisms underlying orbital adipogenesis, we used transcriptomics to compare gene expression in controls and patients with TAO, as well as in orbital fibroblasts (OFs) undergoing adipogenic differentiation. METHODS.We performed bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) on intraconal orbital fat from controls and patients with TAO. We treated cultured OFs derived from patients with TAO with adipogenic media to induce adipogenesis. We used single nucleus RNA-Seq (snRNA-Seq) to profile treated and control OFs, identifying genes that are dynamically expressed during orbital adipogenesis in vitro, and compared these results to data from control and TAO orbital fat. RESULTS.Gene expression profiles in control and TAO orbital fat are distinct. Signaling pathways including PI3K-Akt signaling, cAMP signaling, AGE-RAGE signaling, regulation of lipolysis, and thyroid hormone signaling are enriched in orbital fat isolated from patients with TAO. SnRNA-Seq of orbital fibroblasts undergoing adipogenesis reveals differential expression of the adipocyte-specific genes FABP4/5, APOE, PPARG, and ADIPOQ during adipogenic differentiation. The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and Wnt signaling pathways appear to be enriched early in adipogenesis. Gene modules that are enriched in TAO orbital fat are upregulated in orbital adipocytes during differentiation in vitro, whereas genes that are enriched in control orbital fat are enriched in undifferentiated OFs. CONCLUSIONS.We identified pathways enriched in TAO orbital fat, and dynamic changes in gene expression that occur during adipogenic differentiation of orbital fibroblasts. These findings may help guide functional studies of genes and pathways critical for orbital adipogenesis.

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“…Human intraconal orbital fat was obtained from TAO patients undergoing orbital decompression or controls undergoing routine resection of prolapsed orbital fat (Table 1), which has been shown to be intraconal fat, 10 or enucleation using a protocol approved by the Johns Hopkins University Institutional Review Board and following the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. TAO patients were inactive, defined by a clinical activity score (CAS) less than 4.…”

Section: Bulk Rna-seqmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic profiling of human orbital fat and differentiating orbital fibroblasts

Taneja

Hoang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Purpose: Orbital fat hyperplasia has a central role in the manifestations of thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO). To better understand the pathways involved in adipogenesis in TAO, we have used transcriptomic methods to analyze gene expression in control and TAO patients, as well as in differentiating orbital fibroblasts (OFs). Methods: We performed bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) on intraconal orbital fat to compare gene expression in control and TAO patients. We treated cultured OFs derived from TAO patients with media containing dexamethasone, insulin, rosiglitazone, and isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) to induce adipogenesis. We used single nuclear RNA-Seq (snRNA-Seq) profiling of treated OFs to compare gene expression over time in order to identify pathways that are involved in orbital adipogenesis in vitro and compared the dynamic patterns of gene expression identify differences in gene expression in control and TAO orbital fat. Results: Orbital fat from TAO and control patients segregate with principal component analysis (PCA). Numerous signaling pathways are enriched in orbital fat isolated from TAO patients. SnRNA-Seq of orbital fibroblasts undergoing adipogenesis reveals differential expression of adipocyte-specific genes over the developmental time course. Furthermore, genes that are enriched in TAO orbital fat are also upregulated in orbital adipocytes that differentiate in vitro, while genes that are enriched in control orbital fat are enriched in orbital fibroblasts prior to differentiation. Conclusions: Differentiating orbital fibroblasts serve as a model to study orbital fat hyperplasia seen in TAO. We demonstrate that the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and Wnt signaling pathways are differentially expressed early in orbital adipogenesis.

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Subconjunctival fat prolapse: a disease little known to radiologists

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Temperature and species-dependent regulation of browning in retrobulbar fat

Temperature and species-dependent regulation of browning in retrobulbar fat

Transcriptomic Profiling of Control and Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy (TAO) Orbital Fat and TAO Orbital Fibroblasts Undergoing Adipogenesis

Transcriptomic profiling of human orbital fat and differentiating orbital fibroblasts

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