1999
DOI: 10.1159/000012345
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Subclinical Symptoms of Panic Disorder: New Insights into Pathophysiology and Treatment

Abstract: The aim of this review was to survey the available literature on prodromal and residual symptoms of panic disorder. Both a computerized (Medline) and a manual search of the literature were performed. In a substantial proportion of patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia a prodromal phase can be identified. Most patients report residual symptoms despite successful treatment. Residual symptoms upon remission have a prognostic value. There appears to be a relationship between residual and prodromal symptoma… Show more

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Cited by 64 publications
(48 citation statements)
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“…Although many patients do not fulfill criteria for PD at follow-up and the majority of patients improve regarding symptoms of anxiety and phobic avoidance, few are symptom-free (44;51). Moreover, residual anxiety and avoidance symptoms are of negative prognostic significance for panic relapse (52). The knowledge regarding symptom reduction/persistence in PD is derived from studies of patients who have received antipanic medication or psychotherapy.…”
Section: Outcome Of Panic Disordermentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Although many patients do not fulfill criteria for PD at follow-up and the majority of patients improve regarding symptoms of anxiety and phobic avoidance, few are symptom-free (44;51). Moreover, residual anxiety and avoidance symptoms are of negative prognostic significance for panic relapse (52). The knowledge regarding symptom reduction/persistence in PD is derived from studies of patients who have received antipanic medication or psychotherapy.…”
Section: Outcome Of Panic Disordermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One study reported that agoraphobia is less readily treated than panic attacks (55) but still tend to decrease over time (44;46). Agoraphobia is most commonly viewed as a consequence of panic attacks, but it may also precede the onset of attacks (52). The rate of co-morbid generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is also significant and in some cases GAD may rather be secondary to panic symptomatology (53;54).…”
Section: Outcome Of Panic Disordermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Um bom tratamento deveria implicar não apenas a resolução dos sintomas mas também a melhora dos fatores de vulnerabilidade que parecem ser centrais nos diferentes transtornos. 2,7 Para esse autor, 28 indivíduos com TP seriam dependentes, evitadores, medrosos e pouco assertivos, e a instalação do quadro exarcebaria tais características, que persistiriam após a melhora sintomatológica. Estudando 20 portadores de TP com agorafobia, Fava et al 33 encontraram comportamentos de dependência e esquiva, sintomas ansiosos, agorafóbicos ou hipocondríacos, antecedendo o primeiro ataque, em 90% deles, caracterizando um período prodrômico já sintomático.…”
Section: Resultsunclassified
“…Sendo um quadro crônico e recorrente, o tratamento de manutenção é necessário para muitos pacientes, por vezes também em função de sintomas residuais. 2 O tratamento farmacológico do TP está bem estabelecido, havendo vários psicofármacos (antidepressivos e ansiolíticos) bastante eficazes no controle das crises de pânico. Entretanto, a simples eliminação das crises não garante o bem estar global do paciente, uma vez que o "medo do medo" (agorafobia) e outras complicações podem persistir por longo tempo.…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
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