Subclinical Ct Abnormalities in the Lumbosacral Spine of Older Large‐breed Dogs

Jones, Jeryl C.; Inzana, Karen D.

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2000.tb00421.x

Cited by 61 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…One diagnostic difficulty in these cases is to differentiate between L7 and S1 nerve root lesions, because both supply the same myotomes of the sciatic nerve, with considerable individual variation among dogs (7, 9). Additionally, pathological changes, including foraminal bone proliferation, can be found in canine CT scans without corresponding clinical signs (10). Despite recent improvements in advanced imaging techniques, there remain difficulties in diagnosing the impingement of the L7 spinal nerve due to foraminal stenosis (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Cranial Iliac Osteotomy to Approach the Lumbosacral Foramen

Dyall¹,

Schmökel²

2017

Front. Vet. Sci.

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An approach using a complete cranial iliac osteotomy (CCIO) to access the lumbosacral (LS) foramen in dogs from lateral was developed using cadavers and applied in a clinical patient with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS). The foraminal enlargement in the cadavers and the patient was documented on postoperative CT scans. The preoperative CT scan of the patient showed moderate cranial telescoping of the sacral roof and a moderate central disk protrusion, leading to moderate to severe compression of the cauda equina. In addition, there was lateral spondylosis with consequential stenosis of the right LS foramen. The right L7 nerve had lost its fat attenuation and appeared thickened. After a routine L7S1 dorsal laminectomy with a partial discectomy, a CCIO was performed, providing good access to the LS foramen and the adhesions around the proximal L7 nerve caudoventral to the foramen. The osteotomy was stabilized with a locking plate and a cerclage wire. The dog recovered well from the procedures and after 36 h, the dog walked normally and was discharged from the hospital. Eight and 16 weeks later, the signs of the DLSS had markedly improved. From these data, it can be concluded that the CCIO is a useful approach to the LS foramen and intervertebral disk in selected patients with DLSS, giving good access to the structures around the LS foramen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Cranial Iliac Osteotomy to Approach the Lumbosacral Foramen

Dyall¹,

Schmökel²

2017

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…When dural ossification occured in the lumbar area remains unclear as no radiographic changes were observed in that area. Myelographic examination or advanced imaging techniques, such as MRI or computed tomography, have proved useful in defining the clinical importance of the radiographic findings and help in selecting the appropriate treatment protocol [1,8]. In the reported cat, the rather low resolution of the MR images could not show whether the hypointense lesion, which was compressing the spinal cord, was intradural extramedullary or extradural.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…osseous dural metaplasia, ossifying pachymeningitis) is a relatively common finding in dogs, particularly in middle-aged or older dogs [1]. It is usually an incidental finding, but in rare cases has presumably caused clinical signs such as hyperesthesia of one or both thoracic limbs, pain, weakness, progressive paresis, ataxia, atrophy of the limb musculature, urinary retention, and incontinence [1-8]. In humans, dural ossification is frequently observed at autopsy and surgery [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal dural ossification causing neurological signs in a cat

Antila¹,

Jeserevics²,

Rakauskas³

et al. 2013

Acta Vet Scand

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A six-year-old Ragdoll cat underwent examination due to a six-month history of slowly progressive gait abnormalities. The cat presented with an ambulatory tetraparesis with a neurological examination indicating a C1-T2 myelopathy. Radiographs of the spine showed a radiopaque irregular line ventrally in the vertebral canal dorsal to vertebral bodies C3-C5. In this area, magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intradural extramedullary/extradural lesion compressing the spinal cord. The spinal cord was surgically decompressed. The cause of the spinal cord compression was dural ossification, a diagnosis confirmed by histopathological examination of the surgically dissected sample of dura mater. The cat gradually improved after the procedure and was ambulating better than prior to the surgery. The cat’s locomotion later worsened again due to ossified plaques in the dura causing spinal cord compression on the same cervical area as before. Oral prednisolone treatment provided temporary remission. Ten months after surgery, the cat was euthanized due to severe worsening of gait abnormalities, non-ambulatory tetraparesis. Necropsy confirmed spinal cord compression and secondary degenerative changes in the spinal cord on cervical and lumbar areas caused by dural ossification. To our knowledge, this is the first report of spinal dural ossification in a cat. The reported cat showed neurological signs associated with these dural changes. Dural ossification should be considered in the differential diagnosis of compressive spinal cord disorders in cats.

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“…However, this kind of compression that would explain the failure of the applied treatment, is considered rather incidental, not influencing the DM-associated neurological dysfunction (Jones and Inzana, 2000;Coates, 2004;Jones et al, 2005). In 4 dogs of the present study, spinal cord MRIs failed to disclose any ischaemic or degenerative changes, as well as disk protrusion or extrusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a proposed therapeutic protocol in 12 dogs with tentative degenerative myelopathy

Polizopoulou

Koutinas

Patsikas

et al. 2008

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of a proposed therapeutic protocol in 12 dogs with a tentative diagnosis of degenerative myelopathy, followed-up for a 6-month period. Twelve dogs fulfilling the antemortem inclusion criteria (breed, age, adequate vaccination, history of progressive posterior ataxia and/or paraparesis, no radiographic and myelographic abnormalities in the spinal cord and vertebral column) were allocated. All these dogs presented signs of thoracolumbar syndrome (T3-L3), scored as grade I (mild to moderate ataxia and paraparesis) in 10 and grade II (severe ataxia and ambulatory paraparesis) in 2 cases. Treatment included the use of ε-aminocaproic acid and N-acetylcysteine, supplemented with vitamins B, C and E. Prednisolone was given for the first two weeks and upon worsening of neurological signs. Daily exercise, performed as walking or swimming, was strongly recommended. Clinicopathological evaluation was normal in all 12 dogs, and survey radiographs and myelograms did not show spinal cord compression. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), performed only in 4 dogs, did not disclose compressive disorders or intramedullary lesions. Neurological signs were progressively worsening in all 12 animals, eventually resulting in severe paraparesis (grade III) or paraplegia (grade IV). The applied medications do not appear to be an attractive alternative to conservative management (physiotherapy) or euthanasia in canine degenerative myelopathy, irrespective of its chronicity.

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Subclinical Ct Abnormalities in the Lumbosacral Spine of Older Large‐breed Dogs

Cited by 61 publications

References 24 publications

Complete Cranial Iliac Osteotomy to Approach the Lumbosacral Foramen

Complete Cranial Iliac Osteotomy to Approach the Lumbosacral Foramen

Spinal dural ossification causing neurological signs in a cat

Evaluation of a proposed therapeutic protocol in 12 dogs with tentative degenerative myelopathy

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