Subchronic feeding study of antimony trioxide in rats

Hext, Paul M.; Pinto, Patricia J.; Rimmel, B. A.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1263(199905/06)19:3<205::aid-jat567>3.0.co;2-x

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Industries spends many millions of euros in generating peer-reviewed evidence, which is available to governments and academia. For example consider Lynch et al (1999), Hext et al (1999), Elliot et al (1998), Kennedy et al (2004) and Andersen et al (2006), all of whom published industry sponsored research. In the opinion of the authors, rarely is this type of evidence fully explored, discussed and understood before governments, academics and NGOs publicize their findings or concerns.…”

Section: Plastics Additivesmentioning

confidence: 61%

Applications and societal benefits of plastics

Andrady

Neal

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

1,628

752

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This article explains the history, from 1600 BC to 2008, of materials that are today termed 'plastics'. It includes production volumes and current consumption patterns of five main commodity plastics: polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate. The use of additives to modify the properties of these plastics and any associated safety, in use, issues for the resulting polymeric materials are described. A comparison is made with the thermal and barrier properties of other materials to demonstrate the versatility of plastics. Societal benefits for health, safety, energy saving and material conservation are described, and the particular advantages of plastics in society are outlined. Concerns relating to littering and trends in recycling of plastics are also described. Finally, we give predictions for some of the potential applications of plastic over the next 20 years.

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Section: Plastics Additivesmentioning

confidence: 61%

Applications and societal benefits of plastics

Andrady

Neal

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

1,628

752

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“…However, it should be noted that the IARC assessment was done prior to the publication of a study that failed to show a carcinogenic effect in Fischer 344 rats (NRC 2000). In its evaluation of antimony in drinking water, the WHO (2003) notes that although “there is some evidence for the carcinogenicity of certain antimony compounds by inhalation, there are no data to indicate carcinogenicity by the oral route.” In addition, the carcinogenicity of antimony trioxide by inhalation was questioned by Hext, Pinto, and Rimmel (1999), noting that tumors in animal studies likely resulted from overloading of the lung with an insoluble, inert material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of any toxicological effects attributable to antimony exposure in the present study is not surprising given the results of a report by Hext, Pinto, and Rimmel (1999). In that study, Wistar-derived rats (Alpk:ApfSD) were treated with antimony trioxide via the diet at concentrations of 0, 1000, 5000, or 20000 ppm for 90 days.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on body weight and food consumption data from the present study, we estimate an antimony intake of about 0.5 to 0.7 mg/kg bw/day. Thus, the level of antimony exposure achieved in the current feeding study involving the administration of the polymer fabric, which contains about 130 ppm antimony trioxide, was far less than the no observed adverse effect established by Hext, Pinto, and Rimmel (1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Oral Toxicity and Bacterial Mutagenicity Studies with a Spunbond Polyethylene and Polyethylene Terephthalate Polymer Fabric

et al. 2008

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Spunbond, nonwoven fabrics consisting of polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate, which meet food contact requirements, may be used as pouch materials for products containing food and/or flavor ingredients that are held in the mouth. In these situations ingestion may occur, resulting in exposure to the fabric and potentially antimony, a catalyst used in polyethylene terephthalate. To assess potential adverse effects when such a material is ingested, a 13 week dietary study in Sprague-Dawley CD rats and a Salmonella reverse mutation assay were conducted. Ground fabric was dosed at target concentrations of 0.5%, 2.5%, and 5% in the dietary study. Antimony trioxide in the polyethylene terephthalate was used to determine the test material concentration in the diet and was also assessed for bioavailability. Detectable levels of antimony were found in 2/20 blood samples of control rats, and in 20/20 high-dose group rats. No toxicologically relevant treatment related effects were observed in any of end points evaluated in the feeding study. In the mutagenicity assay, ground fabric was extracted in phosphate buffered saline or dimethysulfoxide and tested in Salmonella strains TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535, and TA1537 with and without S9 activation. No mutagenic response was observed at any dose level tested. These results demonstrate that repeated daily ingestion of a spunbond, nonwoven polymer fabric consisting of polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate for up to 13 weeks is well tolerated in rats, with no apparent target-organ toxicity at dietary levels up to 5%, and that fabric extracts are not mutagenic in a bacterial reverse mutation assay.

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“…Hext et al [13] fed male and female rats a diet containing 1,000, 5,000, or 20,000 mg ATO/kg continuously for 90 days, resulting in a dose of 84, 421, and 1,686 ATO/kg/day for male rats and 97,494, and 1,879 mg ATO/kg/ day for female rats [13]. No ocular toxicity, no significant intergroup differences in rate of body weight gain or total weight gained, and no difference in food consumption were observed.…”

Section: Mammalian Oral Toxicity: Subchronicmentioning

confidence: 99%