Subcellular site of carotenoid biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa

Mitzka-Schnabel, Ursula; Rau, W.

doi:10.1016/0031-9422(81)85220-x

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Direct evidence that the biosynthesis of phytoene in Neurospora is photoregulated has been obtained (10,12,23). First it was shown that phytoene levels in an al-I mutant are increased by an in vivo light treatment (10).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…First it was shown that phytoene levels in an al-I mutant are increased by an in vivo light treatment (10). Subsequently, cell-free studies showed that phytoene biosynthesis in Neurospora is photoregulated (12,23). In one such investigation, the enzyme activity required for the conversion of GGPP to phytoene was shown to be membranebound, and the level of this activity is increased by an in vivo light treatment (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, cell-free studies showed that phytoene biosynthesis in Neurospora is photoregulated (12,23). In one such investigation, the enzyme activity required for the conversion of GGPP to phytoene was shown to be membranebound, and the level of this activity is increased by an in vivo light treatment (12). In another investigation, it was demonstrated that the over-all enzyme activity which catalyzes the conversion of IPP to phytoene is increased 9-fold by an in vivo light treatment (23).…”

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Photoregulation of the Carotenoid Biosynthetic Pathway in Albino and White Collar Mutants of Neurospora crassa

Harding

Turner²

1981

Plant Physiol.

161

137

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The conversion of isopentenyl pyrophosphate to phytoene in Neurospora crassa requires both a soluble and a particulate fraction. Soluble and particulate enzyme factions obtained from light-treated and dark-grown wid type, albino-i, alZbi-2, albino-3, and white collar-I strains were mixed in various combinations, and the activity for conversion of 11-'4Clisopen-tenyl pyrophosphate to phytoene was assayed. From such experiments it can be concluded that (a) albino-3 is defective in the soluble fraction; (b) albino-2 is defective in the particulate fraction; (c) the in vivo lght treatment increases the enzyme actvity in the particulate fraction; (d) this light effect occurs in wild type, albno-I, and albin-3 straiw and (e) enzyme activity is present in the particulate faction obtained from the white collar-i mutant, but the in vivo light treatment does not cause an increase in this activity. To measure directly the level of particulate enzyme activity,

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Photoregulation of the Carotenoid Biosynthetic Pathway in Albino and White Collar Mutants of Neurospora crassa

Harding

Turner²

1981

Plant Physiol.

161

137

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Section: Introduchonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Systems for in vitro synthesis of GGPP have been described for various organisms [l-l 11. The biosynthetic pathway from MVA to GGPP is catalysed by several enzymes (MVA-kinase, 5-P MVA kinase, IPP isomerase, GG synthase) which are all soluble [2,6,8,10,12].The last enzyme (GG synthase) was purified from a bacterial [2] and a plant source [6]; it catalyses the reaction of IPP with either DMAPP, GPP or FPP to GGPP. In none of these papers was the regulation of GGPP biosynthesis studied.…”

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Inhibition of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthesis in in vitro systems

et al. 1985

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Abstract-The incorporation of [14C]mevalonate and ["Clisopentenyl diphosphate into geranylgeranyl diphosphate was investigated in in oitro systems from Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin) endosperm and from Auena sativa etioplasts. Mevalonate incorporation was effectively inhibited in the pumpkin system by geranylgeranyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl monophosphate but less effectively by phytyl diphosphate or inorganic diphosphate. Membrane lipids, geranyllinalool, or lecithin enhanced mevalonate incorporation in the Cucurbita system. Incorporation of isopentenyl diphosphate was also enhanced by lecithin and inhibited by geranylgeranyl diphosphate in the Cucurbita system. NO lipid enhancement was found in the Auena system; inhibition by GGPP required a much higher GGPP concentration than in the Cucurbita system. INTRODUCHONThe biosynthesis of GGPP has received considerable attention be-cause it is the precursor of the biologically important diterpenes (e.g. gibbexellins, phytol side chain of chlorophylls, phylloquinone, tocopherol) and tetraterpenes (carotenoids). Systems for in vitro synthesis of GGPP have been described for various organisms [l-l 11. The biosynthetic pathway from MVA to GGPP is catalysed by several enzymes (MVA-kinase, 5-P MVA kinase, IPP isomerase, GG synthase) which are all soluble [2,6,8,10,12].The last enzyme (GG synthase) was purified from a bacterial [2] and a plant source [6]; it catalyses the reaction of IPP with either DMAPP, GPP or FPP to GGPP. In none of these papers was the regulation of GGPP biosynthesis studied.The biosynthesis of phytol which is closely connected to that of GGPP [ 133 is inhibited by PhPP [ 143. This effect is attributed to feed-back inhibition because it has been demonstrated that mevalonate kinase is inhibited by PhPP [lS]. PhPP and GGPP are very similar and therefore both are accepted by enzymes like chlorophyll synthetase [16]. GGPP is present in etiolated and green seedlings in about ten fold higher concentration than PhPP [ 17,181. The GGPP pool of etiolated oat seedlings which is depleted during onset of chlorophyll biosynthesis seems to be reestablished only to a well-defined limiting value [18]. In pumpkin endosperm, only a limited ac- In the study reported in this paper, we have investigated whether GGPP is able to regulate its own biosynthesis in in vitro systems from etiolated oat seedlings and from Cucurbita endosperm. RESULTSA cell-free system (35 KS) from the endosperm of immature seeds of C. pepo was able to convert MVA into several lipid compounds (Table 1). The product pattern shows that the bulk of isoprenoid lipids were derived from GGPP (kaurene, GG, carotenes) with only a small part of the lipids being derived from FPP (farnesol, squalene, sterols). In the presence of AM0 1618 the incorporation of MVA was strongly reduced. Although the lipid pattern was shifted by AM0 1618 towards the FPP products the larger part of the isoprenoid lipids were still derived from GGPP. It was to be expected, therefore, that GGPP rather than FPP was the main water-solub...

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A Single Five-Step Desaturase Is Involved in the Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway to β-Carotene and Torulene in Neurospora crassa

Hausmann

Sandmann

2000

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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Subcellular site of carotenoid biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Photoregulation of the Carotenoid Biosynthetic Pathway in Albino and White Collar Mutants of Neurospora crassa

Photoregulation of the Carotenoid Biosynthetic Pathway in Albino and White Collar Mutants of Neurospora crassa

Inhibition of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthesis in in vitro systems

A Single Five-Step Desaturase Is Involved in the Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway to β-Carotene and Torulene in Neurospora crassa

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