Subcellular Positioning of F Plasmid Mediated by Dynamic Localization of SopA and SopB

Adachi, Shun; Hori, Kotaro; Hiraga, Sota

doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2005.11.088

Cited by 81 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Several groups have speculated that this concept might underlie ParA-directed plasmid/chromosome movement (15,16). However, a more recently prevailing view favors the filamentpulling model of ParA action.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A propagating ATPase gradient drives transport of surface-confined cellular cargo

Vecchiarelli

Neuman

Mizuuchi

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

171

227

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Significance The process of DNA segregation is of central importance for all organisms. Although the basic mechanism of eukaryotic mitosis is relatively well established, the most common mechanism used for bacterial DNA segregation has been unclear. ParA ATPases form dynamic patterns on the bacterial nucleoid to spatially organize plasmids, chromosomes and other large cellular cargo, but the force-generating mechanism has been a source of controversy and debate. A dominant view proposes that ParA-mediated transport and cargo positioning occurs via a filament-based mechanism that resembles eukaryotic mitosis. Here, we present direct evidence against such models. Our cell-free reconstitution supports a non–filament-based mode of transport that may be as widely found in nature as filament-based mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A propagating ATPase gradient drives transport of surface-confined cellular cargo

Vecchiarelli

Neuman

Mizuuchi

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

171

227

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“…Members of this class of ParA also polymerize but appear to function by different mechanisms. The mechanisms involve a dynamic behavior of the ATPase, which seems to depend on the ParB/ parS complex, and in some cases chromosomal DNA that somehow distributes the plasmid copies maximally away from each other, thereby increasing the probability of their presence in opposite cell halves (1,6,14,22,33,34,47,65,74). Recently, a third type of par system, which uses tubulin-like GTPases (dubbed TubZ) in plasmid segregation, has been discovered (2,5,40,55).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Participation of Chromosome Segregation Protein ParAI ofVibrio choleraein Chromosome Replication

et al. 2011

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Vibrio cholerae carries homologs of plasmid-borne parA and parB genes on both of its chromosomes. The par genes help to segregate many plasmids and chromosomes. Here we have studied the par genes of V. cholerae chromosome I. Earlier studies suggested that ParBI binds to the centromeric site parSI near the origin of replication (oriI), and parSI-ParBI complexes are placed at the cell poles by ParAI. Deletion of parAI and parSI caused the origin-proximal DNA to be less polar. Here we found that deletion of parBI also resulted in a less polar localization of oriI. However, unlike the deletion of parAI, the deletion of parBI increased the oriI number. Replication was normal when both parAI and parBI were deleted, suggesting that ParBI mediates its action through ParAI. Overexpression of ParAI in a parABI-deleted strain also increased the DNA content. The results are similar to those found for Bacillus subtilis, where ParA (Soj) stimulates replication and this activity is repressed by ParB (SpoOJ). As in B. subtilis, the stimulation of replication most likely involves the replication initiator DnaA. Our results indicate that control of chromosomal DNA replication is an additional function of chromosomal par genes conserved across the Gram-positive/Gram-negative divide.Replication and segregation are the two major processes needed to maintain a chromosome stably. In bacteria, there has been considerable progress in our understanding of the process of chromosome replication. How the replicated sister chromosomes segregate to opposite cell halves is also becoming clear (62,73). Other than those of Escherichia coli and its close homologs in the gammaproteobacteria, such as Haemophilus influenzae, most sequenced bacterial genomes have homologs of plasmid partition genes, parA and parB (29). Plasmid partitioning also requires a cis-acting sequence, parS (a centromere analog), to which ParB binds. The parS sequence is also well conserved in bacterial chromosomes (49). The par genes have been studied mostly in low-copy-number plasmids, such as P1, F, and R1, where they confer segregational stability (3,28,57). ParA is an ATPase and can be of three types (27). The actin-like ATPase belonging to plasmid R1 polymerizes to form filaments that link at each end with ParB-bound plasmid parS sites. Continued polymerization drives the plasmids to opposite cell poles (13). The second type of ATPase, characterized by Walker-box motifs, is more common. Members of this class of ParA also polymerize but appear to function by different mechanisms. The mechanisms involve a dynamic behavior of the ATPase, which seems to depend on the ParB/ parS complex, and in some cases chromosomal DNA that somehow distributes the plasmid copies maximally away from each other, thereby increasing the probability of their presence in opposite cell halves (1,6,14,22,33,34,47,65,74). Recently, a third type of par system, which uses tubulin-like GTPases (dubbed TubZ) in plasmid segregation, has been discovered (2,5,40,55).The chromosomally encoded Par proteins a...

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“…The ubiquitous ParA proteins are involved most widely in bacterial genome segregation, including partitioning of low copy number antibiotic resistance and virulence plasmids, as well as of chromosomes (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Current knowledge suggests that ATP-induced polymerization of ParA proteins either may propel tethered chromosomes or plasmids away from the central division zone or retraction of ParA filaments by polymer disassembly may draw attached genomes toward the cell poles in a process that simulates the action of the eucaryote mitotic spindle (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). The nucleoid may function as a substratum on which plasmid partitioning occurs (25,26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncoupling of Nucleotide Hydrolysis and Polymerization in the ParA Protein Superfamily Disrupts DNA Segregation Dynamics

Dobruk-Serkowska

Caccamo

Rodríguez-Castañeda

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background:The ParA superfamily of polymerizing ATPases mediates DNA segregation ubiquitously in bacteria. Results: Hyperactive ATPase variants of the ParA homolog, ParF, are defective in polymerization and segregation. Conclusion: Conserved residues situated neither in canonical ATP motifs nor at interfaces implicated in ParF polymerization are crucial for protein function. Significance: The architecture of the ParA nucleotide-binding pocket is key to precise DNA segregation.

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Subcellular Positioning of F Plasmid Mediated by Dynamic Localization of SopA and SopB

Cited by 81 publications

References 51 publications

A propagating ATPase gradient drives transport of surface-confined cellular cargo

A propagating ATPase gradient drives transport of surface-confined cellular cargo

Participation of Chromosome Segregation Protein ParAI ofVibrio choleraein Chromosome Replication

Uncoupling of Nucleotide Hydrolysis and Polymerization in the ParA Protein Superfamily Disrupts DNA Segregation Dynamics

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