Subcellular localization and relevant mechanisms of human cancer‐related micropeptides

Abstract

Rapid advances in high‐quality sequencing and bioinformatics have invalidated the argument that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are junk transcripts that do not encode proteins. Increasing evidence suggests that small open reading frames (sORFs) in ncRNAs can encode micropeptides and polypeptides within 100 amino acids in length. Several micropeptides have been characterized and proven to have various functions in human physiology and pathology, particularly in cancer. The present review mainly highlights the latest studies on ncRNA‐encoded micropeptides in different cancers and categorizes them based on their subcellular localization, thereby providing a theoretical basis for micropeptide applications in the early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer and as therapeutic targets. However, considering the inherent characteristics of micropeptides and the limitations of the assay technology methods, more detailed information is warranted.

Micropeptides: potential treatment strategies for cancer

“…By using these methods, we can realize the slowrelease and long-lasting delivery of micropeptides, thus enhancing the specificity and effectiveness of the drugs for cancer treatment. Notably, these micropeptides can also be used in combination with conventional anticancer drugs or with radiotherapy and chemotherapy drugs to enhance the effectiveness of cancer treatment [119][120][121][122].…”