“…In the present study, the total LMWOAs produced by A. bisporus in the closed cup stage under the Cd stress was 1.66–7.73 times higher than that in CK, suggesting their crucial role in reducing the damaging effect of Cd and improving the accumulation of the metal in A. bisporus. The results were in line with that of the Agrocybe aegerita 69 . Their study found that A. aegerita produced 1.49–2.08 times and 1.35–2.03 times LMWOAs (total acids) in pileus and stipe respectively in Cd-supplied soil compared to CK.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 88%
“…There are also a variety of organic acids in the cell that can transport, chelate, or complex heavy metals to reduce their toxic effect 66 – 68 . The increasing LMWOAs in the presence of Cd can affect chelation, thereby reducing the toxicity of the metal as well as enhancing its accumulation 69 . Figure 4 Effect of Cd stress on the amount of LOWOAs in fruiting bodies of A. bisporus .…”
The bioremediation of heavy metals contaminated soils with macrofungi is a new and promising approach; hence Agaricus bisporus (Large) sing has potentially shown accumulating ability to Cd contamination. This study focused on the tolerance response by A. bisporus to different contents of Cd in the closed cup and the flat stage of fruiting body development. The contents of Cd, soluble protein, sugar, low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs), and antioxidant activity were investigated. The bioaccumulation factor and transfer factor results revealed that Cd accumulated in the cap of A. bisporus more than that in the stipe with the highest content being 18.38 mg kg−1 dry weight at the closed cup stage under 414.28 mg kg−1 Cd stress. High Cd content stress increased soluble protein, proline, and malonaldehyde contents at both stages; while higher peroxidase, catalase, ascorbic acid peroxidase activities, and LMWOAs contents were only recorded at the closed cup stage. On the other hand, Superoxide dismutase activities and soluble sugar content showed a complex trend. Overall, these results have successfully established that A. bisporus could resort to modulating its metabolism to avoid the destructive effects of Cd stress and could successfully accumulate Cd in the soil, which is a promising prospect for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils.
“…In the present study, the total LMWOAs produced by A. bisporus in the closed cup stage under the Cd stress was 1.66–7.73 times higher than that in CK, suggesting their crucial role in reducing the damaging effect of Cd and improving the accumulation of the metal in A. bisporus. The results were in line with that of the Agrocybe aegerita 69 . Their study found that A. aegerita produced 1.49–2.08 times and 1.35–2.03 times LMWOAs (total acids) in pileus and stipe respectively in Cd-supplied soil compared to CK.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 88%
“…There are also a variety of organic acids in the cell that can transport, chelate, or complex heavy metals to reduce their toxic effect 66 – 68 . The increasing LMWOAs in the presence of Cd can affect chelation, thereby reducing the toxicity of the metal as well as enhancing its accumulation 69 . Figure 4 Effect of Cd stress on the amount of LOWOAs in fruiting bodies of A. bisporus .…”
The bioremediation of heavy metals contaminated soils with macrofungi is a new and promising approach; hence Agaricus bisporus (Large) sing has potentially shown accumulating ability to Cd contamination. This study focused on the tolerance response by A. bisporus to different contents of Cd in the closed cup and the flat stage of fruiting body development. The contents of Cd, soluble protein, sugar, low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs), and antioxidant activity were investigated. The bioaccumulation factor and transfer factor results revealed that Cd accumulated in the cap of A. bisporus more than that in the stipe with the highest content being 18.38 mg kg−1 dry weight at the closed cup stage under 414.28 mg kg−1 Cd stress. High Cd content stress increased soluble protein, proline, and malonaldehyde contents at both stages; while higher peroxidase, catalase, ascorbic acid peroxidase activities, and LMWOAs contents were only recorded at the closed cup stage. On the other hand, Superoxide dismutase activities and soluble sugar content showed a complex trend. Overall, these results have successfully established that A. bisporus could resort to modulating its metabolism to avoid the destructive effects of Cd stress and could successfully accumulate Cd in the soil, which is a promising prospect for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils.
“…5 ). Our results are consistent with the results of Li et al [ 27 ], who found that the majority of Cd was compartmentalized in the soluble fraction (53–75%) and bound to the cell wall (19–42%) in Agrocybe aegerita . Cd in the soluble fraction and cell wall is easily chelated and fixed by organic substances, so it is difficult to transfer to other fractions [ 28 ].…”
Background
Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in crops affects the yield and quality of crops and harms human health. The application of selenium (Se) can reduce the absorption and transport of Cd in winter wheat.
Results
The results showed that increasing Se supply significantly decreased Cd concentration and accumulation in the shoot and root of winter wheat and the root-to-shoot translocation of Cd. Se application increased the root length, surface area and root volume but decreased the average root diameter. Increasing Se supply significantly decreased Cd concentration in the cell wall, soluble fraction and cell organelles in root and shoot. An increase in Se supply inhibited Cd distribution in the organelles of shoot and root but enhanced Cd distribution in the soluble fraction of shoot and the cell wall of root. The Se supply also decreased the proportion of active Cd (ethanol-extractable (FE) Cd and deionized water-extractable (FW) Cd) in root. In addition, the expression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b, TaHMA3-a, TaHMA3-b and TaHMA2 significantly increased with increasing Cd concentration in root, and the expression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b and TaHMA2 in root was downregulated by increasing Se supply, regardless of Se supply or Cd stress. The expression of TaHMA3-b in root was significantly downregulated by 10 μM Se at both the 5 μM and 25 μM Cd level but upregulated by 5 μM Se at the 25 μM Cd level. The expression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b, TaHMA3-a, TaHMA3-b and TaHMA2 in shoot was downregulated by increasing Se supply at 5 μM Cd level, and 5 μM Se upregulated the expression of those genes in shoot at 25 μM Cd level.
Conclusions
The results confirm that Se application limits Cd accumulation in wheat by regulating the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd in winter wheat tissues, as well as the expression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b and TaHMA2 in root.
“…4). Our results are consistent with the results of Li et al [28], who found that the majority of Cd was compartmentalized in the soluble fraction (53-75%) and bound to the cell wall (19-42%) in Agrocybe aegerita. Cd in soluble fraction and cell wall is easily chelated and xed by organic substances, so it is di cult to transfer to other parts [29].…”
Background
Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in crops will affect the yield and quality of crops, and also harm human health. The application of selenium (Se) can reduce the absorption and transport of Cd in winter wheat.
Results
The result showed that increasing Se supply significantly decreased Cd concentration and accumulation in shoots and roots of winter wheat, and the root to shoot translocation of Cd. The Se supply increased the root length, surface area and root volume, but decreased the root average diameter. Increasing Se supply significantly decreased Cd concentration in cell wall, soluble fraction and cell organelle in roots and shoots. An increase of Se supply inhibited Cd distribution in the organelle of shoot and root, but enhanced Cd distribution in the soluble fraction of shoot and the cell wall of root. The Se supply also decreased the proportion of active Cd (ethanol-extractable (FE) Cd and deionized water-extractable (FW) Cd) in roots. In addition, the expression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b, TaHMA3-a, TaHMA3-b and TaHMA2 were significantly increased with the increase of Cd concentration in roots, and the expression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b and TaHMA2 in roots were down-regulated by increasing Se supply, regardless of Se supply or Cd stress, respectively. The expression of TaHMA3-b in root was significantly down-regulated by Se10 treatment at both Cd5 and Cd25 but up-regulated by Se5 treatment at Cd25. The expression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b, TaHMA3-a, TaHMA3-b and TaHMA2 in shoot were down-regulated by increasing Se supply at Cd5, and Se5 treatment up-regulated the expression of those genes in shoot at Cd25.
Conclusions
The results confirm that Se application limit Cd accumulation in wheat via regulating subcellular distribution and the chemical forms of Cd in tissues of winter wheat, as well as the expression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b and TaHMA2 in root.
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