Subamolide E from Cinnamomum subavenium Induces Sub-G1 Cell-Cycle Arrest and Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis and Reduces the Migration Ability of Human Melanoma Cells

Abstract

The aim of this work was to investigate the anticancer cytotoxic effects of natural compound subamolide E on the human skin cancer melanoma A375.S2 cells. Subamolide E was isolated from Cinnamomum subavenium and demonstrated cytotoxicities in the cell-growth assay at concentration ranges from 0 to 100 μM at 24 h. Propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry analyses were used to evaluate cell-cycle distribution and found that subamolide E caused DNA damage in the sub-G1 phase with a dose-dependent manner after 24 h of treatment. According to the western blot result, subamolide-E-treated cells with the increase of caspase-dependent apoptotic proteins induced related pathway mechanisms. Subamolide E also showed antimigratory activities of A375.S2 cells on the wound-healing assay. Finally, subamolide E demonstrated minor cytotoxicities to normal human skin cells (keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts); therefore, it is a potential chemotherapeutic agent against skin melanoma.

Atorvastatin-Loaded Hydrogel Affects the Smooth Muscle Cells of Human Veins

“…To evaluate the effect of ATV release by hydrogel, only 500 ml of RPMI 1640 medium was added, and 100 ml of ATV-loaded hydrogel (5 or 10 mM) or unloaded hydrogel was placed within a transwell insert of 8-mm pore polycarbonate membrane (Falcon; BD Biosciences Discovery Labware, Bedford, MA). Cell viability was assessed by the MTT test Loo et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011) prior to the addition of ATV or ATV-loaded gel (time 0) and after 24, 48, and 72 hours of culture. To this end, the cells were incubated with 10 ml of MTT labeling solution (5 mg/ml) in 200 ml of medium at 37°C for 4 hours and then solubilized in 200 ml of dimethylsulfoxide.…”

10-Shogaol, an Antioxidant from Zingiber officinale for Skin Cell Proliferation and Migration Enhancer

“…The MTT assay was used to measure cell growth to test the compound used in this study could induce cell proliferation [35]. Briefly, skin cells were seeded in 96-well plates and treated with different concentrations of ginger compound or untreated (as positive control) for 24 h. Stock MTT solution (5 mg/mL, dissolved in phosphate buffered saline, PBS) was diluted 1:10 in culture medium and added to a culture dish, then incubated at 37 °C for 2 h. At the end of the incubation period, the medium was removed and replaced with 0.05 mL DMSO to dissolve the formazan crystals.…”

“…The potential of cellular migration was determined by wound healing migration assays, which was performed according to the methods reported by [3,35]. In brief, 5 × 10 5 cells were cultured in 12-well plates, and grown to complete confluence.…”

Penicillivinacine, antimigratory diketopiperazine alkaloid from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium vinaceum

“…A vehicle (DMSO) and Z-4-ethylthio-phenylmethylene hydantoin (S-Ethyl) were used as negative and positive controls. The assay was conducted as described previously (Sallam et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2011;Ma et al, 2011;El Sayed et al, 2006). Briefly, cells were plated on sterile 24-well plates and allowed to form a confluent monolayer per well (>90% confluence) overnight.…”