In 2003 the Brazilian government made the teaching of African history compulsory at all levels of education. This measure belatedly corrected one of the paradoxes of Brazilian education. In the nation with the greatest number of Afro-descendents outside of Africa, primary, secondary and university students were educated without obtaining a basic knowledge of the rich history of the African continent. In the last ten years, in a large part due to governmental and university funding agencies and the pioneering efforts of researchers and professors from various Brazilian universities, the scenario has changed substantially. Various research groups have concerned themselves with the systematic study of the African past and present. Recently, scholars have ignored (begun moving beyond) the most obvious matrix -the slave trade -and begun concerning themselves with questions of African sociology and anthropology.
AbstractThis article surveys the foundation, consolidation and transformation of the field of African Studies in the United States from the 1960s to the present. It deals with the academic, political and geopolitical contexts that led to the creation of area studies. Particular attention is paid to the changes which American society underwent in the 1960s, particularly the civil rights movement, as well as the international context, notably the Cold War. At the heart of the rise of African Studies were US government policies and the active participation of private funding agencies such as the Ford and Mellon Foundations. The so-called field of area studies provided the conceptual basis on which African Studies were created. The article argues that this model has undergone changes in the past decade with the incorporation of the African Diaspora as part of African Studies.