Subaerial crusts, caliche profiles, and breccia horizons: Comparison of some Holocene and Mississippian exposure surfaces, Barbados and Kentucky

Harrison, Rand S.; Steinen, Randolph P.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1978)89<385:sccpab>2.0.co;2

Cited by 72 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Similar biogenic features have been described and reported by a number of authors from ancient and recent carbonate palaeosols (e.g. Harrison and Steinen 1978;Adams 1980;Klappa 1980;Wright 1986;Wright et al 1988;Pomoni-Papaioannou and Dornsiepen 1987;Goldstein 1988;Pomoni-Papaioannou and Galeos 1989;Wright 1994). Glaebules (Braithwaite 1983;Esteban and Klappa 1983), clay cutans and the enigmatic Microcodium represent diagnostic features for subaerial exposure (Esteban and Klappa 1983).…”

Section: Pedogenic Microfacies Associationmentioning

confidence: 70%

Microfacies and cycle stacking pattern in Liassic peritidal carbonate platform strata, Gavrovo-Tripolitza platform, Peloponnesus, Greece

Pomoni-Papaioannou

Kostopoulou

2008

Facies

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Platform carbonate sediments of Liassic age cropping out in the area of the Pigadi-Fokianos Gulf (SE of Leonidion, Peloponnesus) have been investigated in order to determine their depositional environment. Facies analysis allowed the recognition of several microfacies types and their cyclic stacking pattern. The carbonates were deposited in a restricted inner platform environment (lagoon-peritidal domain) and are arranged into small-scale shallowingupward cycles. Palaeosol horizons containing typical pedogenic features are developed on the top of the peritidal facies or are directly superimposed on subtidal deposits, forming diagenetic caps. This implies repeated sea-level Xuctuations and periodic emersion episodes. The presence of orbitally forced cyclicity though is mostly probable, cannot be clearly documented by the available data. The studied carbonates are comparable with other coeval analogous peritidal cycles of the same age along the southern margin of the Tethys.

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Section: Pedogenic Microfacies Associationmentioning

confidence: 70%

Microfacies and cycle stacking pattern in Liassic peritidal carbonate platform strata, Gavrovo-Tripolitza platform, Peloponnesus, Greece

Pomoni-Papaioannou

Kostopoulou

2008

Facies

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“…These subfacies were common in supratidal-intertidal sediments as suggested by the common evidence of exposure. The pedogenic features are closely comparable to calcrete horizons described in the literature (e.g., Harrison and Steinen, 1978;Adams, 1980) and include root traces understood as rhizolites (Klappa, 1980). The intense dolomitization may be the result of early diagenesis (Tucker, 1991).…”

Section: Supralittoral Facies Associationmentioning

confidence: 85%

Stratigraphic architecture, palaeogeography and sea-level changes of a third order depositional sequence: The late Turonian–early Coniacian in the northern Iberian Ranges and Central System (Spain)

Gil¹,

García-Hidalgo²,

Segura³

et al. 2006

Sedimentary Geology

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“…During exposure, subaerial processes commonly modify or obliterate pre‐existing depositional fabrics of platform carbonates (Esteban & Klappa 1983). Karst‐related post‐depositional features resulting from these processes in modern peritidal carbonate deposits include surficial crusts, caliche profiles and complex brecciated horizons at or below the exposure surface (Harrison & Steinen 1978). In the stratigraphic record, such karst‐related features are recognized as meteoric diagenesis, paleosols and solution–collapse breccias (Fritz et al .…”

Section: Genesis Of Maggol Carbonate Brecciasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the last two decades there has been a growing awareness of the importance of paleokarsts in ancient carbonate successions (Harrison & Steinen 1978; Esteban & Klappa 1983; James & Choquette 1988; Fritz et al . 1993; Budd et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonic and stratigraphic significance of the Middle Ordovician carbonate breccias in the Ogcheon Belt, South Korea

Ryu

2002

Island Arc

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Carbonate breccias occur sporadically in the Lower–Middle Ordovician Maggol Limestone exposed in the Taebacksan Basin in the northeastern part of the northeast–southwest‐trending Ogcheon Belt, South Korea. These carbonate breccias have been previously interpreted as intraformational or fault‐related breccias. Thus, little attention has been focused on tectonic and stratigraphic significance of these carbonate breccias. The present study, however, indicates that the majority of these carbonate breccias are solution–collapse breccias, which are causally linked to paleokarstification. Carbonate facies analysis in conjunction with conodont biostratigraphy suggests that an overall regression toward the top of the Maggol Limestone probably culminated in subaerial exposure of platform carbonates during the early Middle Ordovician (earliest Darriwilian). Extensive subaerial exposure of platform carbonates resulted in paleokarst‐related solution–collapse breccias in the upper Maggol Limestone. This subaerial exposure event is manifested as a major paleokarst unconformity at the Sauk–Tippecanoe sequence boundary elsewhere beneath the Middle Ordovician succession and its equivalents, most notably North America and North China. Due to its global extent, this paleokarst unconformity has been viewed as a product of second‐ or third‐order eustatic sealevel drop during the early Middle Ordovician. Although a paleokarst breccia zone is recognized beneath the Middle Ordovician succession in South Korea, the Sauk–Tippecanoe sequence boundary appears to be a conformable transgressive surface on the top of the paleokarst breccia zone in the upper Maggol Limestone. The paleokarst breccia zone beneath the conformable transgressive surface is represented by a thinning‐upward stack of exposure‐capped tidal flat‐dominated cycles that are closely associated with multiple occurrences of paleokarst‐related solution–collapse breccias. This paleokarst breccia zone was a likely consequence of repeated fourth‐ and fifth‐order sealevel fluctuations. It suggests that second‐ and third‐order eustatic sealevel drop may have been significantly tempered by substantial tectonic subsidence near the end of the Maggol deposition. The tectonic subsidence in the basin is also evidenced by the occurrence of coeval off‐platform lowstand siliciclastic quartzite lenses as well as debris flow carbonate breccias (i.e. the Yemi Breccia). With the continued tectonic subsidence, subsequent rise in the eustatic cycle caused drowning and deep flooding of carbonate platform, forming a transgressive surface on the top of the paleokarst breccia zone. This tectonic implication contrasts notably with the slowly subsiding carbonate platform model for the basin as has been previously interpreted. Thus, it is proposed that the Taebacksan Basin in the northeastern part of the Ogcheon Belt evolved from a slowly subsiding carbonate platform to a rapidly subsiding intracontinental rift basin during the early Middle Ordovician. The proposed tectonic model in the basin gi...

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Subaerial crusts, caliche profiles, and breccia horizons: Comparison of some Holocene and Mississippian exposure surfaces, Barbados and Kentucky

Cited by 72 publications

References 0 publications

Microfacies and cycle stacking pattern in Liassic peritidal carbonate platform strata, Gavrovo-Tripolitza platform, Peloponnesus, Greece

Microfacies and cycle stacking pattern in Liassic peritidal carbonate platform strata, Gavrovo-Tripolitza platform, Peloponnesus, Greece

Stratigraphic architecture, palaeogeography and sea-level changes of a third order depositional sequence: The late Turonian–early Coniacian in the northern Iberian Ranges and Central System (Spain)

Tectonic and stratigraphic significance of the Middle Ordovician carbonate breccias in the Ogcheon Belt, South Korea

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