Subadult sex estimation and KidStats

Stull, Kyra E.; Cirillo, Laura E; Cole, Stephanie; Hulse, Cortney N.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815767-1.00014-6

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…When estimating sex, it is commonly understood that bony features, which for any single trait can be arrayed on a spectrum from those regarded as typically male to female, only permit reliable assessments after adolescence. Sex estimates from skeletal characteristics for subadults are not sufficiently accurate for paleodemographic samplesthe bones of children are often poorly preserved and size-based estimates would be affected by uncertainty about the precise age and health status of the individuals examined-despite promising work currently underway (Stull et al, 2017(Stull et al, , 2020.…”

Section: Sex Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleodemography: From archaeology and skeletal age estimation to life in the past

Boldsen

Milner

Ousley

2021

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Much of paleodemography, an interdisciplinary field with strong ties to archaeology, among other disciplines, is oriented toward clarifying the life experiences of past people and why they changed over time. We focus on how human skeletons contribute to our understanding of preindustrial demographic regimes, including when changes took place that led to the world as we know it today. Problems with existing paleodemographic practices are highlighted, as are promising directions for future work. The latter requires both better age estimates and innovative methods to handle data appropriately. Age‐at‐death estimates for adult skeletons are a particular problem, especially for adults over 50 years that undoubtedly are mistakenly underrepresented in published studies of archaeological skeletons. Better age estimates for the entirety of the lifespan are essential to generate realistic distributions of age at death. There are currently encouraging signs that after about a half‐century of intensive, and sometimes contentious, research, paleodemography is poised to contribute much to understandings of evolutionary processes, the structure of past populations, and human‐disease interaction, among other topics.

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Section: Sex Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleodemography: From archaeology and skeletal age estimation to life in the past

Boldsen

Milner

Ousley

2021

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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“…The Chi-square test showed significant differences in the matching of genetic and anthropological sex between adults and non-adults, which was to be expected as morphological methods for the sex assessment of non-adults are less reliable [ 8 , 9 ]. The chosen methods for the sex assessment of the adult individuals performed well, as only one (3%) assessment was wrong.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the preservation state can highly impact the possibility of performing sex assessment, as skeletal elements can be damaged or missing. Additionally, macroscopic methods for sex assessment of subadults are not accurate enough and are currently not advisable [ 8 , 9 ] as they need additional research [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Morphological Sex Assessment and Genetic Sex Determination on Adult and Sub-Adult 17th–19th Century Skeletal Remains

Leskovar,

Mlinšek,

Počivavšek

et al. 2023

Genes

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The first step in the analysis of human skeletal remains is the establishment of the biological profile of an individual. This includes sex assessment, which depends highly on the age of the individual and on the completeness and preservation state of the remains. Macroscopic methods only provide the assessment of sex, while for sex determination, molecular methods need to be included. However, poor preservation of the remains can make molecular methods impossible and only assessment can be performed. Presented research compares DNA-determined and morphologically assessed sex of adult and non-adult individuals buried in a modern-age cemetery (17th to late 19th century) in Ljubljana, Slovenia. The aim of the study was to assess the accuracy of commonly used macroscopic methods for sex assessment on a Slovenian post-medieval population. Results demonstrate that for adults, macroscopic methods employed are highly reliable and pelvic morphology, even the sciatic notch alone, is more reliable than skull. In non-adults, macroscopic methods are not as reliable as in adults, which agrees with previous research. This study shows how morphological and molecular methods can go hand in hand when building a biological profile of an individual. On their own, each methodology presented some individuals with undetermined sex, while together, sex of all the individuals was provided. Results confirm suitability of sex assessment based on skull and especially pelvic morphology in Slovenian post-medieval adults, while in the non-adult population molecular methods are advised.

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“…stature was taken directly from full-body radiographs and include soft tissue for closer approximation to cadaveric stature (Stull, 2013). Both samples consist of pooled sex, as reliable methods of estimating sex from subadult remains have yet to be established (Cardoso & Saunders, 2008;Klales & Burns, 2017;Stull, Cirillo, et al, 2020;Stull & Godde, 2013). situation, the identified size variables ideally should beneed to beindependent of extrinsic and intrinsic population-level and age-level characteristics.…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An alternative size variable for allometric investigations in subadults

Chu

Stull

Sylvester

2022

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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OBJECTIVES:Effective allometry research relies on appropriate size variables; however, two of the largest obstacles in subadult (ontogenetic) allometry research is small sample sizes and unknown dimensions. This study overcomes a barrier of ontogenetic allometry research by proposing alternative size variables that do not require additional calculations for use in subadult allometry research and retain general patterns among long bones when stature is used for size.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diaphyseal measurements, stature, and age were collected from computed tomography (CT) and full-body radiographic images for a sample of subadults between birth and 13 years from the United States (U.S., n = 308) and South Africa (Z.A., n = 25). Nineteen alternative size variables were evaluated using reduced-major-axis regression to identify the closest one-to-one relationship to stature. The applicability across samples was then evaluated using the selected alternative size variables.RESULTS: Radius midshaft breadth (RMSB), femur midshaft breadth (FMSB), and the geometric mean of midshaft breadths (GM midshaft) yielded the closest isometric relationships to stature. Allometric relationships among long bones are maintained when using stature, FMSB, and GM midshaft as size variables for both the U.S. and Z.A. samples. DISCUSSION: A large, modern dataset facilitated an investigation into alternative size variables that can be used for single-bone ontogenetic allometry. Generalizability of the model suggests FMSB and GM midshaft are persistent across populations. This methodology identifies alternative size variables appropriate for other allometry research and offers a robust approach even when historically relied upon size variables are unknown.

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Subadult sex estimation and KidStats

Cited by 15 publications

References 96 publications

Paleodemography: From archaeology and skeletal age estimation to life in the past

Paleodemography: From archaeology and skeletal age estimation to life in the past

Comparison of Morphological Sex Assessment and Genetic Sex Determination on Adult and Sub-Adult 17th–19th Century Skeletal Remains

An alternative size variable for allometric investigations in subadults

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