Subacute Toxicity Studies with Zinc Sulfate in Mice and Rats

Maita, Keizo; Hirano, Masahiro; Mitsumori, Kunitoshi; Takahashi, Kazuaki W.; Shirasu, Yasuhiko

doi:10.1584/jpestics.6.327

Cited by 33 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…Intestinal hemorrhages were observed in ferrets that ingested 390 mg zinc/kg/day as zinc oxide for 2 weeks (Straube et al 1980 zinc/kg/day for 13 weeks developed ulcers in the forestomach, but gastrointestinal effects were not observed in rats fed 565 mg zinc/kg/day for 13 weeks (Maita et al 1981).…”

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…An equivalent dose in humans would be approximately 27 g zinc/day (which would probably be intolerable to humans because of gastric discomfort). Death was reported in mice that consumed 1,110 mg zinc/kg/day as zinc sulfate in their diet for 13 weeks (Maita et al 1981). Mortality was also observed in 20% of rats ingesting 191 mg zinc/kg/day as zinc acetate in drinking water for 3 months ).…”

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In animals, following oral administration of zinc compounds, decreased hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte, and/or leukocyte levels were observed in rats (Maita et al 1981;Smith and Larson 1946), mice (Maita et al 1981;Walters and Roe 1965), rabbits (Bentley and Grubb 1991), dogs (Drinker et al 1927d;Meurs et al 1991;Robinson et al 1991), ferrets (Straube et al 1980), and preruminant calves (Jenkins and Hidiroglou 1991). In rats, the lowest LOAEL for hematological effects was 4 mg/kg/day (8 mg/kg every other day) for an increased frequency of basophilic-stippled erythrocytes in rats exposed every other day for 14 days (Piao et al 2003).…”

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicological Profile for Zinc

2002

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Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicological Profile for Zinc

2002

ATSDR's Toxicological Profiles

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“…Takizawa [49] has pointed out a similar case that a statistically significant difference was observed in the same average value. (2) Den mark (3) Egypt (1) Egypt (2) Finland (1) Finland (2) France (1) France (2) Germa ny (1) Germa ny (2) Gree ce (1) Gree ce (2) Hun g a ry (1) Hun g a ry (2)…”

Section: The Rank Sum Test That Is Nonparametric Procedures Is Not An mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indi a (5) Iran (1) Iran (2) Israe l (1) Israe l (2) Israe l (3) Italy (1) Italy (2) Jo rdan (1) Jo rdan (2) Korea (1) Korea (2) Korea (3) Ma l a ysia (1) Ma l a ysia (2) Me xi co (1) Me xi co (2) Me xi co (3) Nethe rl a nds (1) Nethe rl a nds (2) Ni geria (2) Ni geria ( (4) Turkey (1) Turkey (2) Turkey ( …”

Section: The Rank Sum Test That Is Nonparametric Procedures Is Not An mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition of Japan’s statistical tools by decision tree for quantitative data obtained from the general repeated dose administration toxicity studies in rodents

Kobayashi¹,

Pillai²,

Michael³

et al. 2014

IJBAS

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Statistical significance is one of important criteria on judgment of regulatory toxicological testing. The decision tree for analysing quantitative data obtained from repeated dose administration studies in rodents has been in use in Japan around 1981. Since then, several authors proposed improved versions of the decision tree incorporating all possible situations of statistical analysis normally encountered in such studies. Recently, a decision tree, which traces a simple route, unlike the previously proposed ones which trace complex routes has been proposed by a few researchers in Japan. While tracing to the most appropriate statistical tool using a decision tree, we propose to consider following points which also play a significant role in selecting the most appropriate statistical tool: (1) statistical tools that fails to detect a significant difference in the low dose group, (2) use of the one-sided test with high power to detect a significant difference compared with two-sided, (3) as far as possible avoid carrying out statistical analysis on the transformed data, since the analytical result of such data is difficult to interpret, (4) it is important to mention what statistical tools of the decision tree are used for the analysis, (5) examine the data for both normality and homogeneity and (6) for testing homogeneity, use Levene's test. Selection of widely accepted statistical tools is usually preferred to less popular and complex statistical analysis. It has been observed that in recent years the preferred statistical tools for analyzing quantitative data obtained from toxicity studied are of simple in nature but with high power to detect a significant difference.

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Zinc and Zinc Compounds

Engin

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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Zinc is one of the most abundant elements in the earth's crust and is widely used in the metal, rubber, chemical, paint, and agricultural industry, in addition to the usage in cosmetics ingredients, or for medical purposes. In this context, nano‐sized zinc oxide is used in personal care products, sensors, antibacterial creams, and biomedical applications. In fact, for various organisms, zinc is an essential component in the basic cellular functions. Furthermore, extracellular zinc has the potential to interact with and modulate many different synaptic targets, induce oxidative and nitrosative stress, leading to alteration in the inflammatory responses. It is normally absorbed from the intestine, and competes with Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ , and Ca 2+ for absorption and potentially induces copper deficiency. Consequences of zinc deficiency have been recognized for many years, however high exposure to zinc fumes, zinc compounds, and zinc nanoparticles via inhalation, ingestion, or dermal route may result in severe hematological, developmental, gastrointestinal, and nervous system toxicity. This chapter aims to summarize the knowledge on the regulations of occupational zinc exposure limits and manifestations of bulk and nano‐sized zinc toxicity.

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Subacute Toxicity Studies with Zinc Sulfate in Mice and Rats

Cited by 33 publications

References 1 publication

Toxicological Profile for Zinc

Toxicological Profile for Zinc

Transition of Japan’s statistical tools by decision tree for quantitative data obtained from the general repeated dose administration toxicity studies in rodents

Zinc and Zinc Compounds

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