Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Role of Electroencephalography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Koppel, Barbara S.; Poon, Tung Pui; Khandji, Alexander G.; Pavlakis, Steven G.; Pedley, Timothy A.

doi:10.1111/jon199662122

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Without the genotype information, the SSPE cases of the patients who did not have a history of measles virus infection could not have been associated with the measles resurgence that occurred during 1989- 1991, because the possibility of SSPE developing as a result of receipt of the measles vaccine could not have been ruled out. Seven additional patients in the United States who had SSPE and a history of measles or rash during 1989-1991 were identified from case reports [31][32][33][34][35][36] (table 3). All of these patients with SSPE were born during or just before the 3-year period of the resurgence of measles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: More Cases of This Fatal Disease Are Prevented by Measles Immunization than Was Previously Recognized

et al. 2005

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: More Cases of This Fatal Disease Are Prevented by Measles Immunization than Was Previously Recognized

et al. 2005

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“…Although the most commonly reported complication of measles in HIV-infected persons is pneumonitis, measlesassociated neurological disorders in HIV-infected children and young adults have been described, including encephalitis [15,18,19], subacute encephalitis [20 -22], subacute sclerosing panencephalitis [23,24], and myelopathy [19,25]. The descriptions of subacute measles encephalitis [20 -22] are consistent with measles inclusion body encephalitis, a progressive neurological disease that typically occurs in immunocompromised persons 1-6 months after measles virus infection.…”

Section: Clinical Features Of Measles In Hiv-infected Children and Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic for Control and Eradication of Measles

Moss¹,

Cutts²,

Griffin³

1999

CLIN INFECT DIS

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons may be important, unrecognized transmitters of measles virus, thwarting eradication efforts. We reviewed the published English-language literature on measles and measles immunization in HIV-infected persons to investigate the clinical features of measles, the responses to measles immunization, and the safety of measles vaccine in HIV-infected persons and, conversely, the effect of measles and measles immunization on HIV infection. HIV-infected persons with measles are likely to have uncharacteristic clinical findings and severe illness, with high rates of pneumonitis and death. Primary and secondary failure of measles vaccine in HIV-infected children may permit transmission of measles virus in spite of high rates of immunization coverage. A factor that complicates measles-control efforts in areas of high prevalence of HIV is the potential for fatal infection with measles vaccine virus. Further research on the impact of the HIV epidemic on measles and measles immunization is necessary to guide strategies for the eradication of measles.

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“…145 One HIV-infected child who had received MMR vaccine at 15 months of age was found to have characteristic inclusion bodies on brain biopsy at 18 months of age, but no specific testing was performed to determine the source or identity of the virus. 146 Also, a 19-yearold HIV-infected man with hemophilia had paramyxovirus nucleocapsids in intranuclear inclusion bodies, and there was evidence of measles antigen on immunohistochemical staining, but the virus was not sequenced. 147 He had received measles vaccine at 10 years of age.…”

Section: Measles Encephalitis In Immunocompromised Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine and Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Report From the New Challenges in Childhood Immunizations Conference Convened in Oak Brook, Illinois, June 12–13, 2000

Halsey¹,

Hyman²

2001

Pediatrics

138

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ABSTRACT. Background. Parents and physicians are understandably concerned about the causes and treatment of autism, a devastating disease that affects the entire family. Although much has been learned about autism, there are many gaps in our knowledge about what causes the disorder and how it can be prevented. Autistic symptoms occur along a spectrum, often referred to as autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Concern has been raised about a possible association between measlesmumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and ASD, especially autism with regression. Also, increased requests for educational services related to ASD have raised concerns about possible increases in the incidence of ASD.Methods. On June 12-13, 2000, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) convened a conference titled "New Challenges in Childhood Immunizations" in Oak Brook, Illinois. At this conference, parents, practitioners, and scientists presented information and research on MMR vaccine and ASD. Attendees included representatives from select AAP committees and sections as well as federal and other organizations that address related issues. The multidisciplinary panel of experts reviewed data on what is known about the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and genetics of ASD and the available data on hypothesized associations with IBD, measles, and MMR vaccine. Supplemental information was requested from authors who have proposed the hypotheses and other experts in relevant areas.Results. Autism is a complex disorder of uncertain and probably multiple etiologies. Genetic predisposition to ASD may involve as many as 10 genes. Many experts believe that the abnormal brain development in autism occurs before 30 weeks' gestation in most instances. In utero rubella is a known cause of autism. Animal model data support the biologic plausibility that exposure to yet unrecognized infectious or other environmental agents could cause ASD.Several factors may contribute to apparent increases in incidence of ASD in recent years. Most data indicate increased recognition and reporting as primary factors, but the epidemiologic data are insufficient to determine if there has been a true increase in the incidence of ASD. Increased reporting of ASD in recent years has occurred long after the introduction of MMR vaccine in the United States in 1971 and widespread use of this vaccine in the 1970s for routine immunization of children at 12 to 15 months of age. Appropriate detailed studies are needed to define the true incidence and prevalence of ASD. Epidemiologic studies in Europe indicate no association between MMR vaccine and ASD.Some children with ASD have gastrointestinal symptoms, but an increased rate of any specific gastrointestinal disorder in children with ASD has not been established. Studies to detect evidence of measles virus in intestinal tissue specimens from patients with IBD or autism with gastrointestinal symptoms have not used uniform techniques. Several laboratories have found no evidence of measles viruses in tissue specimens f...

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Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Role of Electroencephalography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: More Cases of This Fatal Disease Are Prevented by Measles Immunization than Was Previously Recognized

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: More Cases of This Fatal Disease Are Prevented by Measles Immunization than Was Previously Recognized

Implications of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic for Control and Eradication of Measles

Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine and Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Report From the New Challenges in Childhood Immunizations Conference Convened in Oak Brook, Illinois, June 12–13, 2000

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