Subacute Ruminal Acidosis and Evaluation of Blood Gas Analysis in Dairy Cow

Gianesella, Matteo; Morgante, Massimo; Cannizzo, Chiara; Stefani, Annalisa; Dalvit, Paolo; Messina, Vanessa; Giudice, Elisabetta

doi:10.4061/2010/392371

Cited by 37 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Results of this study support those of the previous study by Gianesella et al (2010), indicating that lowering of ruminal fluid pH affects depression in fecal pH, but in current study this was not statistically confirmed. Faecal pH is lower than normal, usually slightly acid (Morgante et al 2009); this change is evident from alteration in stool colour, which appears brighter and yellowish.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Presumably, VFA should not accumulate into blood plasma at sufficient concentrations to depress blood pH, but exactly how blood VFA concentrations change under acidotic conditions has not yet been determined. However, metabolism of the ruminal wall and the liver may be compromised during acidosis (Gianesella et al 2010). Consequently, a reduced rate of VFA absorption causes ruminal pH to drop for two reasons: ruminal VFA accumulate and bicarbonate input from the blood stream and decreases pH (Li et al 2012, Danscher et al 20015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between pH of ruminal fluid during subacute ruminal acidosis and physiological response of the Polish Holstein-Friesian dairy cows

Stefańska¹,

Pruszyńska‐Oszmałek²,

Szczepankiewicz³

et al. 2017

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of ruminal fluid pH depression on biochemical indices of blood, urine, feces, and milk, and to determine which of them may be helpful as a marker for the diagnosis of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA).Ruminal fluid samples were obtained by rumenocentesis from 305 cows representing 13 commercial dairy herds. The herds were selected based on percentages of cows with an assigned value of ruminal fluid pH segregated into three groups as: SARA-positive herd, if at least 25% of the ruminal fluid samples indicated a pH < 5.6; SARA-risk herd, if less than 25% of ruminal fluid samples indicated a pH < 5.6, but at least 33% showed a pH ≤ 5.8; and SARA-negative herd, if less than 25% of the ruminal fluid samples indicated a pH < 5.6, but less than 33% exhibited a pH = 5.8. Moreover, the dairy cows were divided according to the ruminal fluid pH into three groups as follows: healthy cows (HC, pH>5.80, n = 196), risk cows (RC, pH 5.8 -5.6, n = 51), and acidotic cows (AC, pH < 5.6, n = 58).Almost 19% (58/305) of the cows were classified as acidotic (pH < 5.6) and 46.2% of the herds as SARA-positive. In the AC group, higher concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), rectal temperature and lower blood pH, compared with those of the HC group, were recorded. Moreover, in the SARA-positive herds, higher concentrations of IGF-I and the lowest blood pH, compared with SARA-negative herds, were observed.The lowering of ruminal fluid pH increased the blood IGF-I and NEFA concentrations and the rectal temperature and decreased the blood pH. These measures are indicators of the physiological changes that occur as part of the pathogenesis of the condition and may be helpful for the diagnosis of the SARA syndrome when serial measurements are conducted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between pH of ruminal fluid during subacute ruminal acidosis and physiological response of the Polish Holstein-Friesian dairy cows

Stefańska¹,

Pruszyńska‐Oszmałek²,

Szczepankiewicz³

et al. 2017

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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“…The induction of acidosis resulted in detectable changes in intake pattern and blood acid-base indicators. The greater amount of starch increased pCO 2 , HCO 3 − , and base excess, and decreased blood pH, consistent with the occurrence of ruminal acidosis (Morgante et al, 2009;Gianesella et al, 2010). Li et al (2012) also reported an increase in pCO 2 during SARA; however, no difference was found in blood pH.…”

mentioning

confidence: 55%

Response of lactating cows to live yeast supplementation during summer

Salvati

Júnior

Melo

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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Dairy cows experiencing heat stress have reduced intake and increased reliance on glucose, making feeding strategies capable of improving diet digestibility plausible for improving postrumen nutrient flow and performance. The effect of yeast on digestion and performance of lactating cows during the warm summer months of southeastern Brazil was evaluated. Cows were individually fed in tie stalls and temperature-humidity index was above 68 during 75.6% of the experiment. Twenty-eight Holstein cows (207±87 d in milk) received a standard diet for 14 d and then a treatment for 70 d, in a covariate-adjusted, randomized block design with repeated measures over time. Treatments were yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or control. Yeast was top dressed to the diet in the morning, equivalent to 25×10(10) cfu of live cells and 5×10(10) cfu of dead cells. The diet contained corn silage (37.7%), Tifton silage (7.1%), raw soybeans (4.1%), soybean meal (16.5%), finely ground corn (20.7%), and citrus pulp (11.9%). Yeast increased milk (26.7 vs. 25.4 kg/d) and solids yield (3.06 vs. 2.92 kg/d), especially lactose. Response in milk yield was consistent over time and started at d 5. The daily intake of digestible OM, total-tract digestibility of nutrients, urinary allantoin excretion, chewing pattern throughout the day, and dry matter intake did not respond to yeast. A trend was observed for increased plasma glucose with yeast (62.9 vs. 57.3mg/dL), lowered respiratory frequency (48 vs. 56 breaths/min), and increased plasma niacin content (1.31 vs. 1.22 µg/mL), though cows had similar rectal temperature. Ruminal lactate and butyrate as proportions of ruminal organic acids were reduced by yeast, but no effects on other organic acids, ruminal pH, or protozoa content were detected. Plasma urea N over 24h was increased by yeast. On d 72 to 74, citrus pulp was abruptly replaced with finely ground corn to induce acidosis. The increased load of starch increased dry matter intake between 0700 and 1300 h, jugular blood partial pressure of CO2, HCO3-, and base excess, and decreased blood pH for both treatments. The yeast treatment had a higher blood pH compared with the control, 7.34, and 7.31, respectively. Yeast supplementation improved lactation performance of dairy cows under heat stress. Improvement in lactation performance apparently involved the regulation of body homeothermia, rather than improved digestibility.

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“…The pH was immediately measured using a portable pH meter (Piccolo, Hanna Instruments, Villafranca Padovana, Italy) and compared with the values recorded by the sensors. Rumenocentesis was performed 4 hours after TMR distribution at 1200 h using a 13G, 105-mm needle [22,23]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of induced ruminal acidosis on blood variables in heifers

et al. 2013

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BackgroundRuminal acidosis is responsible for the onset of different pathologies in dairy and feedlot cattle, but there are major difficulties in the diagnosis. This study modelled the data obtained from various blood variables to identify those that could indicate the severity of ruminal acidosis. Six heifers were fed three experimental rations throughout three periods. The diets were characterised by different starch levels: high starch (HS), medium starch (MS) and low starch, as the control diet (CT). Ruminal pH values were continuously measured using wireless sensors and compared with pH measurements obtained by rumenocentesis. Blood samples were analysed for complete blood count, biochemical profile, venous blood gas, blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-binding proteins (LBP).ResultsThe regression coefficient comparing the ruminal pH values, obtained using the two methods, was 0.56 (P = 0.040). Feeding the CT, MS and HS led to differences in the time spent below the 5.8, 5.5 and 5.0 pH thresholds and in several variables, including dry matter intake (7.7 vs. 6.9 vs. 5.1 kg/d; P = 0.002), ruminal nadir pH (5.69 vs. 5.47 vs. 5.44; P = 0.042), mean ruminal pH (6.50 vs. 6.34 vs. 6.31; P = 0.012), haemoglobin level (11.1 vs. 10.9 vs. 11.4 g/dL; P = 0.010), platelet count (506 vs. 481 vs. 601; P = 0.008), HCO3- (31.8 vs. 31.3 vs. 30.6 mmol/L; P = 0.071) and LBP (5.9 vs. 9.5 vs. 10.5 μg/mL; P < 0.001). A canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) was used to classify the animals into four ruminal pH classes (normal, risk of acidosis, subacute ruminal acidosis and acute ruminal acidosis) using haemoglobin, mean platelet volume, β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose and reduced haemoglobin.ConclusionsAlthough additional studies are necessary to confirm the reliability of these discriminant functions, the use of plasma variables in a multifactorial model appeared to be useful for the evaluation of ruminal acidosis severity.

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Subacute Ruminal Acidosis and Evaluation of Blood Gas Analysis in Dairy Cow

Cited by 37 publications

References 14 publications

Relationship between pH of ruminal fluid during subacute ruminal acidosis and physiological response of the Polish Holstein-Friesian dairy cows

Relationship between pH of ruminal fluid during subacute ruminal acidosis and physiological response of the Polish Holstein-Friesian dairy cows

Response of lactating cows to live yeast supplementation during summer

Effect of induced ruminal acidosis on blood variables in heifers

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