Subacute rumen acidosis in lactating cows: an investigation in intensive Italian dairy herds

Morgante, Massimo; Stelletta, Calogero; Berzaghi, Paolo; Gianesella, Matteo; Andrighetto, Igino

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00696.x

Cited by 87 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Additionally, all cows tolerated the procedure as evidenced by physical behaviour responses suggesting minimal pain or discomfort. These findings are consistent with a previous study (Morgante et al 2007) where a total of 120 cows were sampled, which reported no local or general problems following the procedure. Nevertheless, some authors have reported problems related to rumenocentesis such as abscesses and peritonitis (Hollberg 1984;Aceto et al 2000;Strabel at al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The group of cows then had rumenocentesis (GA) performed while the control group of cows (GB) did not have rumenocentesis performed. Rumenocentesis was performed as described by Morgante et al (2007) without sedation, using a 13 ga 105 mm needle. The cow's response to rumenocentesis or sham procedure was monitored from just prior (-1 h, reference time) to 20 days following the procedure.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the Effects of Rumenocentesis on Health and Performance in Dairy Cows

et al. 2010

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the rumenocentesis procedure on dairy cows by determining selected metabolic and physiological variables representing the health status. Two groups of 6 cows either underwent rumenocentesis (GA) or sham (GB) procedures. Superficial skin temperature of the rumenocentesis area was measured using infrared thermography before the procedure (-1 h), immediately after (0 h), and at 48 h, 96 h, and 20 days following rumenocentesis. Blood samples were collected at all times, except for immediately after the procedure (0 h), and selected immunologic response variables were determined. Milk yield and rectal temperatures were measured daily. Rumenocentesis did not influence the white blood cell count, haptoglobin or total protein concentrations. Electrophoretic protein fractions were not different between GA and GB treatments. Milk yield and rectal temperature were not affected by rumenocentesis. Skin temperature of the rumenocentesis region in GA group cows increased by 1.0 °C immediately after rumenocentesis and returned to baseline after 48 h where it remained constantly until the end of the study; similar to observation in GB group cows. Results of this study would suggest minimal adverse effects on cow health and production when performing rumenocentesis for the diagnosis of subacute ruminal acidosis. Additional more intensive studies addressing animal welfare issues relative to the diagnostic techniques are needed. Health, infrared thermography, welfareScientific interest in animal health and welfare has increased greatly in recent years (Rollin 1990;Thompson 2005;Lusk and Norwood 2008). Many scientists agree that animal health and welfare involve subjective assessment of animal well-being; however, more objective evaluations are necessary. Welfare status can be adversely affected by negative stimuli such as pain, disease, and fear. Human handling, such as during diagnostic testing procedures, could induce pain and fear responses. Therefore, it is appropriate to investigate diagnostic techniques for their potential to adversely affect animal health and welfare relative to the benefit of obtaining diagnostic results.Subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) is one of the most important health disorders affecting dairy cows, adversely influencing rumen fermentation, animal welfare (i.e., lameness risk), productivity, and farm profitability (Krause and Oetzel 2006). Dairy cows experiencing clinical ruminal acidosis are characterized by prolonged bouts of abnormally low rumen fluid pH (< 5.0), whereas SARA is typically defined as intermittent declines in rumen fluid pH below 5.5 units. Both clinical acidosis and SARA are generally induced by excessive consumption of dietary nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) resulting in excessive production of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid, further resulting in ruminal fluid pH decline. Dietary and feeding management factors that influence feed sorting behaviour result in cows consuming a diet with an effective increase in die...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Effects of Rumenocentesis on Health and Performance in Dairy Cows

et al. 2010

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“…Η συγκέντρωση του βαλερικοΰ οξέος στην Μ.Κ. έχει, επίσης, συσχε τιστεί πρόσφατα με την παρουσία υποξείας δυσπε-πτικής οξέωσης (Enemark et al 2004, Bramley et al 2005, Morgante et al 2007), κάτι που αποδίδεται στην αυξημένη παραγωγή του οξέος αυτοΰ από γαλακτο-λυτικά βακτήρια, η ανάπτυξη των οποίων προϋποθέτει την ύπαρξη γαλακτικού οξέος στη ΜΚ. Επομένως, η αυξημένη συγκέντρωση βαλερικού οξέος στη μεγάλη κοιλία μπορεί να υποδεικνύει την παρουσία SARA, με προηγούμενη συγκέντρωση γαλακτικού οξέος.…”

Section: άλλες παράμετροι τον περιεχομένου της μκunclassified

“…Στο Ουισκόνσιν των ΗΠΑ διαπιστώθηκε ότι έπασχαν από υποξεια δυσπεπτική οξέωση το 19% και 26% των αγελάδων που βρίσκονταν στην αρχή και στο μέσο της γαλακτικής περιόδου, αντίστοιχα (Garrett et al 1997). Στην Ιταλία, 3 από τις 10 εκτροφές που εξετά στηκαν είχαν περισσότερες από το 33% των αγελάδων με pH ΜΚ <5,5, ενώ 5 εκτροφές είχαν περισσότερες από το 33% των αγελάδων τους με pH ΜΚ <5,8 (Morgante et al 2007). Στην Ιρλανδία, σε ομαδικό επίπεδο, SARA ανευρέθηκε σε 3 από τις 12 εκτροφές (25%) που εξετάστηκαν, ενώ άλλες 6 από τις 12 (50%) είχαν περισσότερα από το 33% των ζώων με pH ΜΚ <5,8 (O'Grady et al 2008).…”

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Subacute ruminai acidosis in dairy cows

Kitkas

Panousis

Valergakis

et al. 2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Subacute or subclinical ruminai acidosis (SARA) is one of the most important metabolic diseases of dairy cows, characterized by a decrease in pH of rumen fluid below 5.5 (up to 5), certain hours after feeding. SARA is commonly found in intensive livestock production systems; so far, its prevalence has been studied only in few countries and was found to be particularly high. The disease is caused by a decrease in rumen pH below normal level, due to an excessive increase of rumen volatile fattyacids (VFA) concentration. The increased concentration of VFA could be due to diets rich in easily fermentable carbohydrates or slow absorption of the VFA by the rumen wall, due to maladjustment in high energy diets. Finely chopped feeds that do not adequately stimulate mastication and rumination, resulting in less production of saliva that acts as a buffer of the rumen fluid pH, seem to play an important role in the etiology of the disease. The diagnosis of SARA, based on its definition, is established by rumen pH determination, at specific time intervals after feeding. Continuous pH data acquisition can be obtained, for research purposes only, by rumen cannulation and immersion in rumen fluid of a pH-meter that continuously transmits pH data to a computer. Alternatively, the pH-measuring device can be inserted orally into the rumen in a bolus form, which is also a transmittersending the pH data continuously to a computer. The latter method is very promising for clinical practice, but, unfortunately, is currently too expensive. It is easier and more affordable for practitioners to obtain a rumen fluid sample by either using a rumen tube or, preferably, by performing rumenocentesis, by which rumen fluid free of "contaminating" saliva is collected. Rumenocentesis is safe, easy to perform and more accurate than rumen tubing. The impact of SARA in dairy cows includes,amongst others, reduction of milk production, milk fat content depression, laminitis and, therefore, lameness, liver abscesses formation and, therefore, caudal vena cava syndrome, increased culling rate without any obvious cause etc. SARA treatment and prevention is mainly based on management and dietary measures that eliminate the causes of the disease.

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“…It is a common and serious health and production problem in dairy cows and herds (Nordlund 1996, Oetzel 2003. The determination of rumen pH is a key factor for the diagnosis of SARA (Morgante et al 2007, Gianesella et al 2010. Rumen pH values lower than 5.6 are considered abnormal and suggestive of either severe SARA, or possibly in combination with clinical signs, whereas rumen pH values of 5.6 to 5.8 are considered marginal and values of rumen pH higher than 5.8 are normal (Nordlund & Garrett 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels in blood of dairy cows during subacute ruminal acidosis

et al. 2012

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The aim of this study was to investigate the variations of vitamin B12 and homocysteine in blood of dairy cows during subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). On 228 subjects ruminal liquid was collected through rumenocentesis technique and rumen pH was immediately measured by a portable pH-meter. On the basis of pH values all cows were classified (bovine class) in Group A (animals with rumen pH>5.7), Group B (animals with rumen pH between 5.6 and 5.7) and Group C (animals with rumen pH<5.6). In relation to the acidosis risk depending on the rumen pH (herd class), the herds were classified in Group 1 (normal herds: less than 33 % cows with rumen pH<5.8), Group 2 (critical herds: more than 33 % cows with rumen pH between 5.5 and 5.8) and Group 3 (acidosis herds: more than 33 % cows with rumen pH<5.5). On blood samples, collected by jugular venipuncture, vitamin B12 and homocysteine were measured by chemiluminescent immunological tests. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Bonferroni test, showed significant differences (P<0.05) for vitamin B12 in bovine class and significant differences (P<0.05) for homocysteine in herd class. The influence of rumen pH values resulted in adequate vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels to meet microbial and cow requirements and fatty acids modifications in dairy cows affected by SARA. Moreover, the increase of vitamin B12 could be due to the presence of analogues which interfere with the transport of the vitamin. These findings provide more information on blood modifications during SARA.

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Subacute rumen acidosis in lactating cows: an investigation in intensive Italian dairy herds

Cited by 87 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluating the Effects of Rumenocentesis on Health and Performance in Dairy Cows

Evaluating the Effects of Rumenocentesis on Health and Performance in Dairy Cows

Subacute ruminai acidosis in dairy cows

Vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels in blood of dairy cows during subacute ruminal acidosis

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