Subacute normobaric oxygen and hyperbaric oxygen therapy in drowning, reversal of brain volume loss: a case report

Harch, Paul G.; Fogarty, Edward F

doi:10.4103/2045-9912.208521

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that can cause reduced oxygen supply to the brain have shown GMV reduction in widespread regions, including the frontal cortex, the cingulate cortex, and other subcortical regions ( Zhang et al, 2013 ). A two-year-old girl who suffered from water drowning demonstrated GMV atrophy in temporal, parietal, and cerebellar lobes, and the GMV atrophy was dramatically improved after receiving oxygen therapy ( Harch and Fogarty 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of frontal-temporal gray matter volume associate with clinical measures of older adults with COVID-19

Duan

Premi

Padovani

et al. 2021

Neurobiology of Stress

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COVID-19, the infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic. It dramatically affects people's health and daily life. Neurological complications are increasingly documented for patients with COVID-19. However, the effect of COVID-19 on the brain is less studied, and existing quantitative neuroimaging analyses of COVID-19 were mainly based on the univariate voxel-based morphometry analysis (VBM) that requires corrections for a large number of tests for statistical significance, multivariate approaches that can reduce the number of tests to be corrected have not been applied to study COVID-19 effect on the brain yet. In this study, we leveraged source-based morphometry (SBM) analysis, a multivariate extension of VBM, to identify changes derived from computed tomography scans in covarying gray matter volume patterns underlying COVID-19 in 120 neurological patients (including 58 cases with COVID-19 and 62 patients without COVID-19 matched for age, gender and diseases). SBM identified that lower gray matter volume (GMV) in superior/medial/middle frontal gyri was significantly associated with a higher level of disability (modified Rankin Scale) at both discharge and six months follow-up phases even when controlling for cerebrovascular diseases. GMV in superior/medial/middle frontal gyri was also significantly reduced in patients receiving oxygen therapy compared to patients not receiving oxygen therapy. Patients with fever presented significant GMV reduction in inferior/middle temporal gyri and fusiform gyrus compared to patients without fever. Patients with agitation showed GMV reduction in superior/medial/middle frontal gyri compared to patients without agitation. Patients with COVID-19 showed no significant GMV differences from patients without COVID-19 in any brain region. Results suggest that COVID-19 may affect the frontal-temporal network in a secondary manner through fever or lack of oxygen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of frontal-temporal gray matter volume associate with clinical measures of older adults with COVID-19

Duan

Premi

Padovani

et al. 2021

Neurobiology of Stress

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“…In this study, we did not include a control group of patients with non-COVID-19 pneumonia, a condition that may lead to GMV alterations in several brain regions due to the decreased oxygenation to the cortex ( Zhang et al, 2013 ; Harch and Fogarty, 2017 ). Future work should address these potential confounding factors and aim to elucidate whether the lack of adequate brain oxygenation rather than direct inflammatory/viral-triggered processes are responsible for neurodegenerative processes in this patient population.…”

Section: Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain cortical alterations in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms

Sanabria‐Diaz

Etter²,

Melie‐García³

et al. 2022

Front. Neurosci.

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BackgroundGrowing evidence suggests that the central nervous system is affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), since infected patients suffer from acute and long-term neurological sequelae. Nevertheless, it is currently unknown whether the virus affects the brain cortex. The purpose of this study was to assess the cortical gray matter volume, the cortical thickness, and the cortical surface area in a group of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with neurological symptoms compared to healthy control subjects. Additionally, we analyzed the cortical features and the association with inflammatory biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma.Materials and methodsThirty-three patients were selected from a prospective cross-sectional study cohort during the ongoing pandemic (August 2020–April 2021) at the university hospitals of Basel and Zurich (Switzerland). The group included patients with different neurological symptom severity (Class I: nearly asymptomatic/mild symptoms, II: moderate symptoms, III: severe symptoms). Thirty-three healthy age and sex-matched subjects that underwent the same MRI protocol served as controls. For each anatomical T1w MPRAGE image, regional cortical gray matter volume, thickness, and surface area were computed with FreeSurfer. Using a linear regression model, cortical measures were compared between groups (patients vs. controls; Class I vs. II–III), with age, sex, MRI magnetic field strength, and total intracranial volume/mean thickness/total surface area as covariates. In a subgroup of patients, the association between cortical features and clinical parameters was assessed using partial correlation adjusting for the same covariates. P-values were corrected using a false discovery rate (FDR).ResultsOur findings revealed a lower cortical volume in COVID-19 patients’ orbitofrontal, frontal, and cingulate regions than in controls (p < 0.05). Regional gray matter volume and thickness decreases were negatively associated with CSF total protein levels, the CSF/blood-albumin ratio, and CSF EN-RAGE levels.ConclusionOur data suggest that viral-triggered inflammation leads to neurotoxic damage in some cortical areas during the acute phase of a COVID-19 infection in patients with neurological symptoms.

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“…The use of hyperbaric air as a placebo is energetically debated and controversial because it increases the oxygen tension. In contrast to the placebo findings, similar published studies not using the hyperbaric air placebo, found significant improvements in brain injury ( 10–20 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Hyperbaric air mobilizes stem cells in humans; a new perspective on the hormetic dose curve

et al. 2023

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IntroductionHyperbaric air (HBA) was first used pharmaceutically in 1662 to treat lung disease. Extensive use in Europe and North America followed throughout the 19th century to treat pulmonary and neurological disorders. HBA reached its zenith in the early 20th century when cyanotic, moribund “Spanish flu pandemic” patients turned normal color and regained consciousness within minutes after HBA treatment. Since that time the 78% Nitrogen fraction in HBA has been completely displaced by 100% oxygen to create the modern pharmaceutical hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), a powerful treatment that is FDA approved for multiple indications. Current belief purports oxygen as the active element mobilizing stem progenitor cells (SPCs) in HBOT, but hyperbaric air, which increases tensions of both oxygen and nitrogen, has been untested until now. In this study we test HBA for SPC mobilization, cytokine and chemokine expression, and complete blood count.MethodsTen 34–35-year-old healthy volunteers were exposed to 1.27ATA (4 psig/965 mmHg) room air for 90 min, M-F, for 10 exposures over 2-weeks. Venous blood samples were taken: (1) prior to the first exposure (served as the control for each subject), (2) directly after the first exposure (to measure the acute effect), (3) immediately prior to the ninth exposure (to measure the chronic effect), and (4) 3 days after the completion of tenth/final exposure (to assess durability). SPCs were gated by blinded scientists using Flow Cytometry.ResultsSPCs (CD45dim/CD34+/CD133-) were mobilized by nearly two-fold following 9 exposures (p = 0.02) increasing to three-fold 72-h post completion of the final (10th) exposure (p = 0.008) confirming durability.DiscussionThis research demonstrates that SPCs are mobilized, and cytokines are modulated by hyperbaric air. HBA likely is a therapeutic treatment. Previously published research using HBA placebos should be re-evaluated to reflect a dose treatment finding rather than finding a placebo effect. Our findings of SPC mobilization by HBA support further investigation into hyperbaric air as a pharmaceutical/therapy.

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Subacute normobaric oxygen and hyperbaric oxygen therapy in drowning, reversal of brain volume loss: a case report

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Alterations of frontal-temporal gray matter volume associate with clinical measures of older adults with COVID-19

Alterations of frontal-temporal gray matter volume associate with clinical measures of older adults with COVID-19

Brain cortical alterations in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms

Hyperbaric air mobilizes stem cells in humans; a new perspective on the hormetic dose curve

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