Subacute feeding toxicity of low‐sodium sausages manufactured with sodium substitutes and biopolymer‐encapsulated saltwort (Salicornia herbacea) in a mouse model

Abstract

BACKGROUND Low‐sodium sausages were manufactured using sodium substitution and biopolymer encapsulation. A diet comprising 10% treatment sausages (six treatment groups: C (100% NaCl), T1 (55% sodium substitute + 45% saltwort salt), T2 (55% sodium substitute + 45% saltwort salt with chitosan), T3 (55% sodium substitute + 45% saltwort salt with cellulose), T4 (55% sodium substitute + 45% saltwort salt with dextrin), and T5 (55% sodium substitute + 45% saltwort salt with pectin)) was added to a 90% commercial mouse diet for 4 weeks. RESULTS Subacute toxicity, hematology, liver function, and organ weight tests in low‐sodium sausage groups showed results similar to those of the control group, and all toxicity test levels were within normal ranges. CONCLUSIONS All low‐sodium sausage types tested are suggested to be safe in terms of subacute toxicity. Moreover, low‐sodium sausages can be manufactured by biopolymer encapsulation of saltwort using pectin, chitosan, cellulose, and dextrin without toxicity. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

Randomized Pilot Study on the Effects of Sarcocornia as a Salt Substitute in Arterial Blood Pressure and Vascular Function in Healthy Young Adults

“…Although salt (sodium chloride) plays an important role as a fluid regulator in our body, there are several studies that point to its harmful effects on the cardiovascular level when consumed in excess. A series of research works have been carried out in search of a substitute for common salt in order to try to reduce its consumption [ 2 , 7 , 9 , 15 , 20 , 22 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Halophyte plants, such as Salicornia and Sarcocornia, prove to be a promising substitute, given that they are plants with antihypertensive characteristics [ 15 , 35 ].…”

“…In summary, based on the results of the present study, the consumption of Sarcocornia is beneficial to the cardiovascular system at several levels: attenuation of blood pressure values, decreased arterial stiffness, improved left ventricular function and coronary perfusion. This halophyte and similar species have already been tested and approved in the production of several processed foods, namely ham, snacks, sausages, and bread [ 7 , 22 , 34 , 37 ], since these are the foods that contain the highest sodium content. Sarcocornia can therefore be considered a good substitute for common table salt to try to reduce the prevalence of HT and deaths from cardiovascular causes, although further studies should be carried out to investigate the remaining species of this plant and also to evaluate the amount ideal to be ingested, since its excessive consumption may cause possible harmful effects or even influence some types of medication [ 38 ].…”

Salicornia bigelovii, S. brachiata and S. herbacea: Their Nutritional Characteristics and an Evaluation of Their Potential as Salt Substitutes

“…Oven-drying of S. brachiata by oven-drying at 80 °C for 7 days [ 95 ]. Oven-drying of S. herbacea at 70 °C for 48 h [ 96 ].…”

Study on the reduction of heterocyclic amines by marinated natural materials in pork belly

“…These differences may be due to sample types (meat and fish) and different time and cooking methods [52]. Although significant differences were found in the hematological examination (i.e., red blood cell, hematocrit, mean platelet volume, and procalcitonin), these differences remained within normal ranges [53][54][55][56][57][58].…”