Sub-μW Tow-Thomas based biquad filter with improved gain for biomedical applications

Póvoa, Ricardo; Arya, Richa; Canelas, António; Passos, Fábio; Martins, Ricardo; Lourenço, Nuno; Horta, Nuno

doi:10.1016/j.mejo.2019.104675

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Eqs. (16) and (17) confirm that the linear adjustability of the  0 can be electronically and independently achieved from the Q via g m . Additionally, the Q is tuned electronically and independently from the  0 via g m3 .…”

Section: B Proposed Fully Differential Universal Biquad Filter Usingmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…In the open literature, various fully differential voltagemode universal biquad filters are available [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. These filters are based on multiple input fully differential difference amplifier (MI-FDDA) [10], fully balanced differential difference amplifier (FBDDA) [11,12], fully differential difference transconductance amplifier (FDDTA) [13], fully differential difference transconductor (FDDT) [14], fully balanced four-terminal floating nullor (FBFTFN) [15], operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) [16][17][18], second generation fully differential current conveyor (FDCCII) [19][20], and digitally controlled fully differential current conveyor (DCFDCC) [21]. However, the filters in [10,11,12,13,15,21] contain large numbers of passive elements which increase the chip area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the filters in [10,11,12,13,15,21] contain large numbers of passive elements which increase the chip area. Some filters [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] operate at high power supply voltage (more than 0.5V) and are not suitable for low-voltage low-power applications. Several filters [10,11,12,13,15,19,20] do not have the feature of electronic tuning of  0 and Q.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [11], the  0 and Q are not orthogonally controlled. The filters presented in [11,12,13,14,16,17,18,19,20,21] cannot provide five filtering responses, AP, LP, BP, BS and HP functions. High impedance at input voltage nodes of the fully differential universal filters in [10,11,12,15] is not obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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0.5 V Fully Differential Universal Filter Based on Multiple Input OTAs

et al. 2020

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The design of a low-power, low-voltage, fully-differential universal biquad filter is presented in this work, which is constructed from four multiple-input gate-driven operational transconductance amplifiers (MI-OTAs) along with one passive resistor and two passive capacitors. The scheme of presented biquad filter has three high-input impedance voltage nodes and single output voltage node. Five unity gain filtering functions, all-pass (AP), low-pass (LP), band-pass (BP), high-pass (HP) and band-stop (BS) responses, are obtained. The selection of output filtering responses is obtained without the need of component matching condition, inverting or double input voltage. With this feature, it can be easily controlled with digital programming. The quality factor (Q) and angular frequency ( 0) are electronically and independently tuned. Moreover, the adjustment of  0 and Q can be done without affecting the voltage gain. A workability of the design is confirmed via Cadence software and the Spectre simulator based on the 180 nm TSMC CMOS technology parameters. The proposed fully differential filter operates with 0.5 V supply voltage. The results verify that the proposed filter dissipates the total power of 53.3 nW. Additionally, the dynamic range (DR) of band-pass filtering function is 63 dB for 2% third intermodulation distortion (IMD). Also, the simulated RMS value of the band-pass filtering noise is 45 μV. INDEX TERMS MI-OTA, low-power low-voltage circuit, universal filter, Analog circuit, Electronic control

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Section: B Proposed Fully Differential Universal Biquad Filter Usingmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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0.5 V Fully Differential Universal Filter Based on Multiple Input OTAs

et al. 2020

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“…Sub-threshold based designs addresses ultrasonic, biomedical, and wireless sensor interface applications [5,[10][11][12][13][14][15]. The obstacle with design of low power analog circuits is relatively high threshold voltages, which is the result of scaling difference between the power supply and the threshold voltage (Vt).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Power-High Gain Bulk-Driven 3 Stages CMOS Miller OTA in 130nm Technology

Afacan

2020

Sakarya University Journal of Science

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The requirement of low-power analog circuits has been raised in recent years due to the strict limitation of power consumption in modern applications. Therefore, the trend in analog circuit design has been changed such that they are able to meet the required specifications with lower power dissipation. Design of low power operational transconductance amplifiers, which are the main building blocks in many analog applications, has been more pronounced to keep the power dissipation below certain levels. In this concern, this study presents a low power, highperforming bulk-driven 3 stages CMOS OTA in a 130 nm standard CMOS technology. The proposed circuit leverages the bulk-driven architecture at the input stage; thus it can operate under sub 1-V. The design process of the proposed OTA is explained in detail and the results are validated via post-layout simulations. The proposed OTA is powered by ±0.45 V symmetric voltage sources, where the power consumption is around 27 μW. The area overhead is only 0.0017 μm2. The open-loop gain, unity gain frequency, and the phase margin are 73.24 dB, 5.167 MHz, and 78 o , respectively. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed circuit, a comparison is made with other circuits published in the last five years considering the well-known figures of merit (FOMs). Comparison results indicate that the proposed solution outperforms the other circuits for small-signal operation while it is the runner-up for large-signal operation.

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A low power‐area low pass G_m‐C filter in biomedical analog front end for biosignal acquisition

Vafaei,

Parhizgar,

Abiri

et al. 2023

Circuit Theory & Apps

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SummaryIn this paper, a low‐power transconductor‐capacitor (Gm‐C) filter with programmable cutoff frequency is designed for electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and surface electromyography (sEMG) biosignals. The second‐order Butterworth low pass filter (LPF) is designed as an interface between an instrumentation amplifier (IA) and an analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC). The proposed Gm‐C filter suppresses out‐of‐band components and also plays an anti‐aliasing role. With the variable transconductance based on flipped voltage follower (FVF), the cutoff frequencies of 100 Hz, 560 Hz, and 1.5 kHz are obtained for EEG, ECG, and sEMG, respectively. This structure is highly accurate by using a robust and low‐power common mode feedback (CMFB). With 0.8 V supply voltage, the total power consumption of the filter is only 56 nW, 100 nW, and 221 nW for cutoff frequencies of 100 Hz, 560 Hz, and 1.5 kHz, respectively. The proposed Gm‐C filter is simulated in TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology and occupies an area of 0.12 mm2. The figure of merit (FOM) of the proposed filter is equal to 1.9 pW/pole.

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Sub-μW Tow-Thomas based biquad filter with improved gain for biomedical applications

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

0.5 V Fully Differential Universal Filter Based on Multiple Input OTAs

0.5 V Fully Differential Universal Filter Based on Multiple Input OTAs

Low Power-High Gain Bulk-Driven 3 Stages CMOS Miller OTA in 130nm Technology

A low power‐area low pass G_m‐C filter in biomedical analog front end for biosignal acquisition

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Sub-μW Tow-Thomas based biquad filter with improved gain for biomedical applications

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

0.5 V Fully Differential Universal Filter Based on Multiple Input OTAs

0.5 V Fully Differential Universal Filter Based on Multiple Input OTAs

Low Power-High Gain Bulk-Driven 3 Stages CMOS Miller OTA in 130nm Technology

A low power‐area low pass Gm‐C filter in biomedical analog front end for biosignal acquisition

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A low power‐area low pass G_m‐C filter in biomedical analog front end for biosignal acquisition