Sub-Zero Cold Starting of a Port-Injected M100 Engine Using Plasma Jet Ignition and Prompt EGR

Gardiner, David; Rao, V.V. Bapeswara; Bardon, M. F.; Dale, J. D.; Smy, P. R.; Haley, R.; Dawe, J. R.; Battista, V.

doi:10.4271/930331

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…al. [5] also reported cold starting difficulties with pure alcohol fuels. Partly to alleviate this problem, methanol or ethanol can be blended with 15 percent gasoline to provide the light-end components that vaporize at low temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate and Hydrocarbon Emissions from a Spray Guided Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine with Oxygenate Fuel Blends

Price

Twiney

Stone

et al. 2007

SAE Technical Paper Series

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The blending of oxygenated compounds with gasoline is projected to increase because oxygenate fuels can be produced renewably, and because their high octane rating allows them to be used in substitution of the aromatic fraction in gasoline. Blending oxygenates with gasoline changes the fuels' properties and can have a profound affect on the distillation curve, both of which are known to affect engine-out emissions. In this work, the effect of blending methanol and ethanol with gasoline on unburned hydrocarbon and particulate emissions is experimentally determined in a spray guided direct injection engine. Particulate number concentration and size distribution were measured using a Cambustion DMS500. These data are presented for different air fuel ratios, loads, ignition timings and injection timings. In addition, the ASTM D86 distillation curve was modeled using the binary activity coefficients method for the fuel blends used in the experiments. In general, unburned hydrocarbon emissions were reduced at low load but increased at high load for the alcohol blends. The effect on particulate emissions was dependent on the operating point: for rich mixtures the accumulation mode number concentration and count median diameter were reduced with the oxygenate blends. However, blending gasoline with oxygenates also caused the nucleation mode number concentration to increase, particularly for M85. The distillation curve modeling showed that blending oxygenates affects the distillation curve much more than would be expected from a linear blending relationship: the front end volatility is reduced a little, whilst the mid range volatility is increased significantly, particularly for methanol blends.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate and Hydrocarbon Emissions from a Spray Guided Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine with Oxygenate Fuel Blends

Price

Twiney

Stone

et al. 2007

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…The direct capacitor discharge ignition techniques are considered beneficial and more practical for the engine cold start and warm-up processes with on-demand control of the high-power or high-energy capacitor discharge. 11…”

Section: High-energy Spark Ignitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ignition enhancement technique is considered beneficial for improving the ignitability of the cold start. 11 In the background mentioned above, the research of advanced ignition systems has been moved to the forefront in the development of high-efficiency IC engines. The technological trends are towards increasing the ignition power, extending the ignition duration, seeking multiple ignition sites and large ignition volume, and actively managing the ignition energy delivery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Future gasoline engine ignition: A review on advanced concepts

Zheng

2020

International Journal of Engine Research

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To meet the future requirements of fuel economy and exhaust emissions, high-efficiency gasoline engines tend to employ diluted combustion concepts along with intensified charge motion and stratified mixtures. Securing the ignition of such mixtures over the full engine operation range is challenging, because of the lowered mixture reactivity and increased discrepancy of stoichiometry. In recent years, increasing research efforts have been spending on innovations of ignition technologies to tackle the challenges. In this paper, the directions of ignition improvement are highlighted based on the fundamental understanding of the ignition mechanisms. The working principles of the primary types of advanced ignition systems are introduced; and relevant engine and combustion vessel test results are reviewed. The ignition systems are categorized as: (1) high-energy spark ignition, (2) pulsed nanosecond discharge ignition, (3) radio-frequency plasma ignition, (4) laser-induced plasma ignition, and (5) pre-chamber ignition. The advanced ignition systems are commented, regarding the ignition effectiveness and the implementation challenges, according to the literatures and the extensive empirical work at the authors’ laboratory.

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“…High-energy ignition systems, "prompt EGR" (exhaust gas recirculation) (Gardiner 1993), and optimization of injection parameters (Hochsmann 1989) are among the research efforts in the field. The most effective of these (prompt EGR) requires internal modifications to the engine (installation of a special camshaft).…”

Section: Engine Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation and demonstration of a rich combustor cold-start device for alcohol-fueled engines

Hodgson¹,

Irick²

1998

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Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accurc.cy, completeness, or l1Sefulness of any Information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise doe� not necessarily constttute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. Preface BackgroundThe use of alcohols (methanol or ethanol) as transportation fuels has been identified as one strategy that has the potential to ameliorate some problems associated with the use of petroleum-based fuels. These problems include a growing dependence on imported oil and the persistent contributions that mobile sources make to urban air pollution.Both ethanol and methanol can be produced from renewable resources, and their combustion characteristics result in a different mix of organic emissions compared to petroleum fuels. The propensity of the exhaust to form ozone is generally less than the exhaust from gasoline-fueled vehicles.Unfortunately, the low vapor pressures of the alcohols at low temperatures present problems for starting engines under these conditions. The current solution to this problem is to mix primers with the alcohol fuel that provide sufficient volatility that starting is enabled generally to temperatures around 0°C.Because the primers detract from the favorable emissions characteristics of the alcohols, it would be desirable to have a way to cold start engines operating on "neat" or "near-neat" alcohol fuels. The Present StudyThe present study was undertaken to investigate an approach to cold starting spark-ignition engines. In this approach a portion of the fuel is burned outside the engine under fuel-rich conditions. This rich combustion creates a product stream that contains significant amounts of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (along with other gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor, and organics). The hydrogen and carbon monoxide are combustible and noncondensable and provide the fuel for starting the engine. Once the engine starts the engine transitions to the normal fuel system. AcknowledgmentsSeveral people contributed to the success of this study. We would like to express our appreciation to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for supporting the study and to our subcontract technical monitors, Chris Colucci and Peg Whalen, who provided encouragement and advice during the study.ii SummaryWe have completed a study in which we investigated the use of a rich combustor to aid in cold starting spark-ignition engines fueled with either neat ethanol or neat methanol. The rich combustor burns the alcohol fuel outside the engine under fuel-rich conditions to produce a combustible product stream that is fed to the engine for cold starting. The rich c...

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Sub-Zero Cold Starting of a Port-Injected M100 Engine Using Plasma Jet Ignition and Prompt EGR

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Particulate and Hydrocarbon Emissions from a Spray Guided Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine with Oxygenate Fuel Blends

Particulate and Hydrocarbon Emissions from a Spray Guided Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine with Oxygenate Fuel Blends

Future gasoline engine ignition: A review on advanced concepts

Investigation and demonstration of a rich combustor cold-start device for alcohol-fueled engines

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