“…At W-band, power combiners with radial symmetry are not as common as in lower frequency bands. A four-way design, using a corporative scheme implemented in H-plane waveguide configuration is reported in [14], with a T-junction for the division. It has a theoretical return loss (the measurement is carried out in back-to-back configuration) better than 10 dB in an 11.8% fractional bandwidth (96-108 GHz).…”
Modern microwave and millimeter-wave systems require high-power amplifiers in very diverse fields such as communications or plasma physics. Although amplification technology has significantly evolved in the last decades, a single module is not enough for achieving the required power level. The solution in this case is the combination of several individual modules with power combiners. In this chapter, this concept is shown with two E-plane radial power combiners, both carrying a high-power signal with the circular waveguide TE 01 mode. The first design is a 16-way Ku-band combiner with an excellent experimental performance: return loss better than 30 dB, with a balance for the amplitudes of ±0.15 dB and ±2.5 o for the phases, in a 16.7% fractional bandwidth (2 GHz centered at 12 GHz), and efficiency better than 95% in this band. The second design is a 5-way W-band combiner, showing excellent characteristics as well: the experimental prototype has a return loss better than 20 dB, with a balance for the amplitudes of ±0.4 dB and ±3.5 o for the phases, in a 12.8% fractional bandwidth (12 GHz centered at 94 GHz), and efficiency better than 85% in this whole band. The experimental results obtained in both designs are the state of the art in the area of radial power combiners.
“…At W-band, power combiners with radial symmetry are not as common as in lower frequency bands. A four-way design, using a corporative scheme implemented in H-plane waveguide configuration is reported in [14], with a T-junction for the division. It has a theoretical return loss (the measurement is carried out in back-to-back configuration) better than 10 dB in an 11.8% fractional bandwidth (96-108 GHz).…”
Modern microwave and millimeter-wave systems require high-power amplifiers in very diverse fields such as communications or plasma physics. Although amplification technology has significantly evolved in the last decades, a single module is not enough for achieving the required power level. The solution in this case is the combination of several individual modules with power combiners. In this chapter, this concept is shown with two E-plane radial power combiners, both carrying a high-power signal with the circular waveguide TE 01 mode. The first design is a 16-way Ku-band combiner with an excellent experimental performance: return loss better than 30 dB, with a balance for the amplitudes of ±0.15 dB and ±2.5 o for the phases, in a 16.7% fractional bandwidth (2 GHz centered at 12 GHz), and efficiency better than 95% in this band. The second design is a 5-way W-band combiner, showing excellent characteristics as well: the experimental prototype has a return loss better than 20 dB, with a balance for the amplitudes of ±0.4 dB and ±3.5 o for the phases, in a 12.8% fractional bandwidth (12 GHz centered at 94 GHz), and efficiency better than 85% in this whole band. The experimental results obtained in both designs are the state of the art in the area of radial power combiners.
“…For this reason, practical implementations rarely achieve 30% of the fractional bandwidth. Classical N-port waveguide dividing networks, such as T-junctions, hybrid couplers, or magic-Ts [20][21][22][23], are cascaded in order to join the required number of individual power amplifiers in high-power applications. These structures may result in complicated or bulky arrangements.…”
Very high-power and high-efficiency microwave applications require waveguide structures to combine/divide the power from/to a variable number of high-power solid-state devices. In the literature, among the different waveguide configurations, those capable of providing the maximum output power show a limited relative bandwidth. To overcome this limitation, in this paper a full-band (40%) waveguide power divider/combiner specifically designed for high-power applications (up to several kW) is presented. The proposed structure uses an evolved turnstile junction with a standard rectangular waveguide common port, rotated 45°, with respect to its central axis, to divide/combine the signal to/from the four output/input rectangular ports. The inclusion of an oversized central cavity together with circular and rectangular waveguide impedance transformers at the common port allows the achievement of a full-band operation with excellent electrical performance, while maintaining a very simple and compact configuration. Only two layers of metal are required for the physical implementation of this structure in platelet configuration. A prototype has been designed covering the full Ka-band (26.5–40 GHz), showing an excellent measured performance with around 30 dB of return loss, 0.18 dB of insertion loss, and less than 1.5° of phase imbalance.
“…To obtain good impedance matching, techniques such as introducing metal wedges, cylinders, ridges, triangular prisms, and arc waveguide walls were proposed. In reference, a four‐way sub‐THz H‐plane T‐junction power combiner was studied, whose input impedance can be matched by adjusting the depth and width at the junction of the waveguide. The measured input return loss is >14.8 dB and insertion loss is <1.2 dB from 97.5 to 101.7 GHz.…”
In this article, a four‐way waveguide power divider is proposed for W‐band applications. The waveguide power divider employs an improved H‐plane T‐junction configuration. With the introduction of a metallic tetrahedral protrusion into the waveguide junction, good impedance matching can be achieved within a wide frequency range. First, a two‐way power divider is designed and analyzed, achieving almost identical amplitude and phase response at its two output ports. Then, other two same T‐junctions are cascaded, respectively, at the two output ports of the two‐way power divider to realize the proposed four‐way power divider. The four‐way power divider has been optimized, fabricated, and measured. The measurement results agree with the simulation ones reasonably, which demonstrates that the input return loss of the proposed four‐way power divider maintains above 14 dB across the entire W‐band with an insertion loss of less than 1.3 dB. Therefore, it could find wide applications in W‐band power splitting and combining modules.
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