Sub-thermionic, ultra-high-gain organic transistors and circuits

Luo, Zhongzhong; Peng, Boyu; Zeng, Junpeng; Yu, Zhihao; Zhao, Ying; Xie, Jilin; Lan, Rongfang; Ma, Zhong; Pan, Lijia; Cao, Ke; Lü, Yang; He, Daowei; Ning, Hongkai; Meng, Wanqing; Yang, Yang; Chen, Xiaoqing; Li, Weisheng; Wang, Jiawei; Pan, Danfeng; Tu, Xuecou; Huo, Wenxing; Huang, Xian; Shi, Dinghua; Li, Ling; Liu, Ming; Shi, Yi; Feng, Xue; Chan, Paddy K. L.; Wang, Xinran

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22192-2

Cited by 113 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Paired presynaptic illumination pulses with different pulse intervals Δ t yielded paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF) (Figure 2c ). [ 21 , 22 ] . We calculated PPF index by using the EPSC peak as induced by the second spike ( A 2 )/that induced the first spike ( A 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Artificial Nerve Capable of UV‐Perception, NIR–Vis Switchable Plasticity Modulation, and Motion State Monitoring

Feng

Liu

et al. 2021

Advanced Science

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The first flexible organic-heterojunction neuromorphic transistor (OHNT) that senses broadband light, including near-ultraviolet (NUV), visible (vis), and near-infrared (NIR), and processes multiplexed-neurotransmission signals is demonstrated. For UV perception, electrical energy consumption down to 536 aJ per synaptic event is demonstrated, at least one order of magnitude lower than current UV-sensitive synaptic devices. For NIR-and vis-perception, switchable plasticity by alternating light sources is yielded for recognition and memory. The device emulates multiplexed neurochemical transition of different neurotransmitters such as dopamine and noradrenaline to form short-term and long-term responses. These facilitate the first realization of human-integrated motion state monitoring and processing using a synaptic hardware, which is then used for real-time heart monitoring of human movement. Motion state analysis with the 96% accuracy is then achieved by artificial neural network. This work provides important support to future biomedical electronics and neural prostheses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Artificial Nerve Capable of UV‐Perception, NIR–Vis Switchable Plasticity Modulation, and Motion State Monitoring

Feng

Liu

et al. 2021

Advanced Science

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“…Previously, intrinsic gains as high as 735, 1100, and 5.3 × 10 4 have been reported for monolayer organic crystal OFETs, [27] Schottky barrier organic transistors, [29] and 5.3 × 10 4 monolayer organic crystal OFETs with a negative-capacitance ferroelectric hafnium oxide dielectric layer, [28] respectively. As shown in Figure 6a,d, however, the g d value of the OFETs produced herein after shrinking is effectively limited to 4.126 × 10 −11 S in the subthreshold region (V G = −0.1 V, V DS = −1 V), and the g m value is 1.714 × 10 −6 S when |V G(on) − V G(off) | = 1 V. This low value of g d in the subthreshold region is the key to achieving a high intrinsic gain, and can be attributed to the wrinkle structure, which generates an increased resistance between the source-drain when the charge accumulation is very weak.…”

Section: Ssmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These g d and g m values lead to an intrinsic gain of 4.151 × 10 4 , which is comparable to one of the highest previously reported values for an OFET having a hafnium oxide dielectric. [28] All of these electrical improvements in the shrunken OFET (low SS, low V TH , and high A V ) provide it with the potential for applications such as small scale, low voltage, high gain biological sensors or electronic skin. [38][39][40][41]…”

Section: Ssmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the help of a high dielectric constant (k) and extremely low threshold voltage (V TH ), the averaged intrinsic grain of the OFET on the shrink film is shown to be 4.13 × 10 4 , which is comparable (or even superior) to that of the recently reported outstanding solution-processed monolayer OFETs or the thermal evaporated OFETs. [27][28][29] This new OFET substrate illustrates an effective and straightforward way to simultaneously downsize the OFET and improve its performance. The field amplification mechanism can be further applied to other devices based on transistors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Field‐Effect Transistor Fabricated on Internal Shrinking Substrate

Dai

Peng

Chen

et al. 2021

Small

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sophisticated circuits such as ring oscillators [13][14][15] and logic gates. [16][17][18] However, the number and density of the transistors must be increased to enhance their performance and application, thus necessitating the downsizing of the OFETs. To date, various lithographic technologies such as multilayer photolithography, [19] deep X-ray lithography, [20] electron beam lithography, [21] and extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUV), [22,23] have been developed and used to fabricate transistors at the microto nanoscale. However, these approaches usually require expensive equipment or relatively complicated processing steps and, more importantly, may have compatibility issues with respect to the organic semiconductors, which are sensitive to chemicals and processing temperatures.Recently, Soleymani and Moran-Mirabal et al. [25] demonstrated the use of a shrinkable substrate that supports the standard fabrication process while enabling size reduction by application of an external stimulus. The shrink films consisted of prestressed polymers such as polystyrene (PS) that release the biaxial internal stress and relax the polymer chain after heating. [24] Previously, microfluidic channels [26,27] have been fabricated by using shrink films, as they can reduce the channel dimensions and form thick channel walls. [24] Biosensors with wrinkled electrodes have also used shrink film substrates to achieve small-scale electrodes with large surface areas, [25,26] thus potentially reducing the sheet resistance and solving the measurement bottleneck. As the film allows homogeneous shrinking, the shapes of the microfluidic channels and metal electrodes would remain unchanged after the size reduction. This homogeneous size reduction is particularly important in microelectronic fabrication to avoid shorting. [25,26] Moreover, studies have shown that the homogenous size reduction can be well controlled according to the material properties (e.g., the elastic modulus) and thickness of the deposition film, along with the wavelength and amplitude of the wrinkles that are formed during shrinkage as summarized in Figure S1 (Supporting Information).In the present study, both the size reduction and the potential use of the wrinkle structures to improve the electrical performance of the OFET is explored. The polystyrene shrinkable film substrate is shown to provide a 65-70% reduction in the effective area of the OFETs, along with reductions in the threshold voltage (from −1.44 to −0.18 V), the subthreshold In the development of flexible organic field-effect transistors (OFET), downsizing and reduction of the operating voltage are essential for achieving a high current density with a low operating power. Although the bias voltage of the OFETs can be reduced by a high-k dielectric, achieving a threshold voltage close to zero remains a challenge. Moreover, the scaling down of OFETs demands the use of photolithography, and may lead to compatibility issues in organic semiconductors. Herein, a new strategy based on the ductile properties of or...

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“…Impressively, organic semiconductors were attracted tremendous attention for soft circuits due to lightweight, solution processability and molecular tailorability for desired performance 72 . Luo et al 73 fabricated the flexible integrated ECG patch with 900 times amplification based on the organic thin‐film inverter. The flexible nonvolatile crossbar memristors based on vertical‐organic‐nanocrystal‐arrays demonstrated by Hu's group attained the multimodal switching behaviors in 10 3 ratios 74 .…”

Section: Epidermal Sensing Network System For On‐skin Digitalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conformal electrodes for on‐skin digitalization

Chen

2021

SmartMat

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On‐skin digitalization, streamlining the concept of the “human to device to cyberspace” platform, has attracted great attention due to its vital function in remote medicine and human–cyber interfaces. Beyond traditional rigid electrodes, soft electrodes with conformal and comfortable interfaces are essential for long‐term and high‐fidelity signal acquisition. In addition, the on‐skin data processing systems will get rid of complex cables toward a vision of fascinating form, being lightweight, skin‐friendly and even imperceptible. Although numerous soft materials and devices with mechanical tolerance have been developed, the study of conformal electrodes and on‐skin digital integrated systems are still in infancy. Here, the requirements and designs of conformal electrodes, the emerging opportunities and challenges from multichannel/multifunctional sensors to a whole new on‐skin sensing platform are highlighted.

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Sub-thermionic, ultra-high-gain organic transistors and circuits

Cited by 113 publications

References 50 publications

An Artificial Nerve Capable of UV‐Perception, NIR–Vis Switchable Plasticity Modulation, and Motion State Monitoring

An Artificial Nerve Capable of UV‐Perception, NIR–Vis Switchable Plasticity Modulation, and Motion State Monitoring

Organic Field‐Effect Transistor Fabricated on Internal Shrinking Substrate

Conformal electrodes for on‐skin digitalization

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