Sub-Terahertz and Terahertz Waves for Skin Diagnosis and Therapy

Koul, Shiban K.; Kaurav, Priyansha

doi:10.1007/978-981-19-3140-6_6

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Terahertz radiation has significant potential not only in cancer diagnosis, but also in cancer therapy [36]. There is a wealth of evidence showing that the demethylation of malignant DNA helps to recover gene expression, induce cell apoptosis, and reduce the tumor size (see e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the genotoxic effects of high intensity terahertz radiation on fibroblasts and CNS tumor cells

Ситников

Revkova

Ilina

et al. 2022

Journal of Biophotonics

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The data is obtained on the effect of high‐intensity pulses of terahertz (THz) radiation with a broad spectrum (0.2–3 THz) on cell cultures. We have evaluated the threshold exposure parameters of THz radiation causing genotoxic effects in fibroblasts. Phosphorylation of histone H2AX at Ser 139 (γH2AX) was chosen as a marker for genotoxicity and a quantitative estimation of γH2AX foci number in fibroblasts was performed after cell irradiation with THz pulses for 30 min. No genotoxic effects of THz radiation were observed in fibroblasts unless peak intensity and electric field strength exceeded 21 GW cm−2 and 2.8 MV cm−1, respectively. In tumor cell lines (neuroblastoma (SK‐N‐BE (2)) and glioblastoma (U87)), exposure to THz pulses with peak intensity of 21 GW cm−2 for 30 min caused no morphological changes as well as no statistically significant increase in histone phosphorylation foci number.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the genotoxic effects of high intensity terahertz radiation on fibroblasts and CNS tumor cells

Ситников

Revkova

Ilina

et al. 2022

Journal of Biophotonics

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“…The second method uses "Active" probing where a near-field probe is brought in proximity to the sample, changing its energy distribution and stored energy according to the sample's dielectric properties. Subwavelength antennas such as small dipoles, open-ended waveguides, or other geometries can be used for these probes [86]. A major drawback of all these THz platforms is their high costs, low integration, and poor reliability when deploying in mass.…”

Section: B Integrated Nearfield Imaging Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

THz Systems Exploiting Photonics and Communications Technologies

et al. 2023

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Terahertz (THz) systems open up the possibility of new applications of electromagnetic waves. Enormous bandwidths up to several terahertz enable the development of powerful spectroscopy systems that can provide insights into the structure and material of objects with micrometer resolution. New high power and compact THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) systems will be presented. The wide bandwidth also enables high-resolution imaging under far-field conditions to analyze arbitrary objects from a distance. In addition, a near-field system-on-a-chip imaging system is presented that achieves a resolution of 10 μm. Additionally, the application of terahertz waves presents challenges due to the low transmit power of the sources, high attenuation in free space, and the high noise figures of the receivers. These challenges can be overcome by antennas with high gain. Since -depending on the application -spatial scanning or focusing in a time-varying direction is required, beam steering is an essential component of many THz systems. In terms of communications, terahertz carrier frequencies offer wide bandwidths, enabling correspondingly high data rates of 100 Gbit/s and more. As a result, the frequency bands between 250 GHz and 450 GHz have already been identified and/or allocated for communication services and are being discussed as a component of 6G mobile communications. Concepts and demonstrations for 6G terahertz mobile communications will be presented. The high bandwidth of terahertz waves can also be used for high-accuracy indoor localization.INDEX TERMS THz time-domain spectroscopy, high average power THz systems, THz far-field imaging, THz near-field imaging, THz communication, THz localization, MTT 70th Anniversary Special Issue.

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“…This makes it challenging to achieve adequate depth for detecting tumors or abnormalities located deeper within the skin layers. [51] Utilize multi-frequency or wideband antennas: Using antennas operating at multiple frequencies or with wideband characteristics can help improve penetration depth and increase the chances of detecting deeper skin abnormalities [52] .…”

Section: Limited Penetration Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Antenna-Based Techniques for Detection and Monitoring of Critical Chronic Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

Chishti,

Aziz,

Qureshi

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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Several research articles are available in the literature regarding the design of antennas, but hardly (to the best of authors' knowledge) few papers covered the antennas that are designed for the detection, diagnostics, and monitoring of various diseases. There is a need for a research article in which the design and performance of such significant antennas should be compared and highlighted based on various available design techniques to enhance performance parameters that include efficiency, bandwidth, size and appropriate bio-compatible material used to transmit data from the human body efficiently. Antennas are essential in biomedical applications for wireless communication, miniaturization, integration, implantable devices, diagnostic imaging, biotelemetry, and biosensing. They enable efficient and reliable wireless connectivity, facilitating remote monitoring, improving patient care, and advancing medical research. Designing biomedical antennas presents several challenges, including miniaturization and integration into compact devices, ensuring biocompatibility with the human body, conforming to biological structures, mitigating electromagnetic interference (EMI), accounting for signal attenuation and propagation in the body, optimizing power efficiency, and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards. Overcoming these challenges requires expertise in antenna design, biocompatibility, electromagnetic modelling, and collaboration between disciplines. Therefore, a detailed review is required so that any scholar who wishes to excel in this field may read this review to understand future directions better and work already done for the design of biomedical antennas. This review comprises a comparison of several significant biomedical antenna design techniques used for the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of various diseases, which can be helpful for the medical community for the detection of various diseases, including skin cancer, breast cancer, lungs cancer, endoscopy, brain tumor and glucose level detection. The various features of biomedical antennas are thoroughly investigated to provide performance metrics of the antennas designed to diagnose various diseases. The advantage of this study is the understanding of different types of antennas for various diseases. This study also allows realizing appropriate bio-compatible materials and flexible materials for biomedical antenna design, the effect of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) on human/animal body and finally, the tables provide the antenna performance in terms of gain, bandwidth, and directivity with respect to antenna size and type of substrate material used for each disease. These biomedical antennas have several applications for diagnosis, early-stage cancer detection and, in some cases providing enough energy to cure the cancer cells in the human/animal body. Moreover, the implementation of Machine learning algorithms for the early detection of tumor for the above-mentioned diseases is also discussed. INDEX TERMSbiomedical antenna, breast cancer,...

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Sub-Terahertz and Terahertz Waves for Skin Diagnosis and Therapy

Cited by 4 publications

References 117 publications

Studying the genotoxic effects of high intensity terahertz radiation on fibroblasts and CNS tumor cells

Studying the genotoxic effects of high intensity terahertz radiation on fibroblasts and CNS tumor cells

THz Systems Exploiting Photonics and Communications Technologies

Advances in Antenna-Based Techniques for Detection and Monitoring of Critical Chronic Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

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