Sub-species diversity ofXanthomonas euvesicatoriaBulgarian and Macedonian strains from pepper

Abstract

Sub-species diversity of pepper populations of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria in Bulgaria and Macedonia in 2012 was the object of this study. Species determination of 44 strains was performed by molecular methods using two pairs of species-specific primers and RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis of the 16S-23S ITS region with HpaII. The populations were characterized by genotypic and phenotypic properties. The genotypic diversity of the strains was evaluated by RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) technique. Primer CUGEA-6 differentiated the strains in two groups, one of which included only Bulgarian strains and revealed a mixed profile of the type strain. BiologTM metabolite profiles separated the strains in four groups: two of which were composed only of Bulgarian or Macedonian strains. Correlation between the RAPD and the metabolic profiles was observed. Twelve antibiotics and copper ions in five concentrations (1–5 g kg−1) were tested for biological activity. The inhibition zones of the Bulgarian strains were statistically proven to be considerably larger than the Macedonian ones in the tests with kanamycin, streptomycin, polymyxin B sulphate, tetracycline and vankomycin. The inhibition zones of the Bulgarian strains were statistically proven to be relatively larger than the Macedonian ones in the copper tests. Based on our studies the Macedonian population of X. euvesicatoria manifested a relative homogeneity while a greater diversity was observed in the Bulgarian population.

Molecular methods for diversity assessment among xanthomonads of Bulgarian and Macedonian pepper

“…Profile I consisted of five products and was formed by only 8% of the Bulgarian strains, all isolated in 2012. 8 The rest of the strains generated profile II which was characterized by five products. The type culture of X. euvesicatoria formed the third profile.…”

“…In this year, the Bulgarian strains from North-Eastern Bulgaria were also closest to Macedonian strains and more distant from the strains isolated from other parts of Bulgaria. 8 …”

“… 4 , 5 The X. euvesicatoria strains were reported as more aggressive on pepper plants and in several countries as the prevalent pathogen. 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 …”

Draft Genome Sequences of Two Xanthomonas euvesicatoria Strains from the Balkan Peninsula

“…Taxonomy and diversity of bacterial spot agents have been studied by phenotypic, biochemical, and DNA-based methods ( 4 ). When we applied these methods to Xanthomonas euvesicatoria strains isolated on the Balkan Peninsula ( 3 , 5 – 9 ), we realized that these markers are not suitable to measure most population genetic parameters. A precise molecular typing tool for identification and differentiation is necessary for monitoring populations infecting pepper and tomato plants in order to develop strategies to control the disease in fields.…”

“…Kambi in Bulgaria in 2012, and strain 83M, isolated from C. annuum cv. Kurtovska kapija in Macedonia in 2013, were chosen as representative X. euvesicatoria strains from the Balkan Peninsula based on their pathogenic, physiologic, and genetic characteristics ( 9 ). Their genomes were sequenced using the Illumina Hi-Seq2500 platform (Fasteris SA, Switzerland).…”