Sub-ppm-Level Ammonia Detection Using Photoacoustic Spectroscopy with an Optical Microphone Based on a Phase Interferometer

Bonilla-Manrique, Oscar E.; Posada-Román, Julio E.; García-Souto, José A.; Ruiz-Llata, Marta

doi:10.3390/s19132890

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…This kind of system can be used, for example, for transformer integrity measurements as in [26,27]. Another important application is photoacoustic-microphone-based approaches for identifying compound concentrations as in [28], where the noise floor level over a time of 30 s and 1 Hz bandwidth is 2.45 × 10 −8 V RMS, which is in the same order as the results presented in this paper.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Acousto-Optic Comb Interrogation System for Random Fiber Grating Sensors with Sub-nm Resolution

Poiana

García-Souto

Bao

2021

Sensors

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The broad-frequency response and nanometer-range displacements of ultrasound detection are essential for the characterization of small cracks, structural health monitoring and non-destructive evaluation. Those perturbations are generated at sub-nano-strain to nano-strain levels. This corresponds to the sub-nm level and, therefore, to about 0.1% of wavelength change at 1550 nm, making it difficult to detect them by conventional interferometric techniques. In this paper, we propose a demodulation system to read the random fiber grating spectrum using a self-heterodyne acousto-optic frequency comb. The system uses a self-heterodyne approach to extract phase and amplitude modulated signals to detect surface acoustic waves with sub-nanometer amplitudes in the frequency domain. The method can detect acoustic frequencies of 1 MHz and the associated displacement. The system is calibrated via phase detection with a heterodyne interferometer, which has a limited frequency response of up to 200 kHz. The goal is to achieve sub-nanometer strain detection at MHz frequency with random fiber gratings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Acousto-Optic Comb Interrogation System for Random Fiber Grating Sensors with Sub-nm Resolution

Poiana

García-Souto

Bao

2021

Sensors

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“…Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) LD [108][109][110][111][112] Multimode LD [113] LED [114][115][116][117][118] Nitric Oxide (N 2 O) QCL [112,119] OPO [120] Nitrogen oxide (NO) QCL [121] LD [122] Ammonia (NH 3 ) QCL [123][124][125] CO 2 laser [126,127] LD [128] Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) QCL [129] CO 2 laser [130] LD [131][132][133][134] OPO [135] Table 2. Cont.…”

Section: Target Gas (Es) Light Source Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Photoacoustic-Based Gas Sensing: A Review

Palzer

2020

Sensors

104

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The use of the photoacoustic effect to gauge the concentration of gases is an attractive alternative in the realm of optical detection methods. Even though the effect has been applied for gas sensing for almost a century, its potential for ultra-sensitive and miniaturized devices is still not fully explored. This review article revisits two fundamentally different setups commonly used to build photoacoustic-based gas sensors and presents some distinguished results in terms of sensitivity, ultra-low detection limits, and miniaturization. The review contrasts the two setups in terms of the respective possibilities to tune the selectivity, sensitivity, and potential for miniaturization.

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“…Optical microphones (OMs) are devices in which the transduction mechanism of acoustical waves is based on light detection. OMs have been used to measure the refractive index changes induced by pressure waves [ 15 ]. A classification of OMs has been proposed by Bilaniuk in [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parts-per-billion detection of carbon monoxide: A comparison between quartz-enhanced photoacoustic and photothermal spectroscopy

et al. 2021

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We report on a comparison between two optical detection techniques, one based on a Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (QEPAS) detection module, where a quartz tuning fork is acoustically coupled with a pair of millimeter-sized resonator tubes; and the other one based on a Photothermal Spectroscopy (PTS) module where a Fabry-Perot interferometer acts as transducer to probe refractive index variations. When resonant optical absorption of modulated light occurs in a gas sample, QEPAS directly detects acoustic waves while PTS probes refractive index variations caused by local heating. Compact QEPAS and PTS detection modules were realized and integrated in a gas sensor system for detection of carbon monoxide (CO), targeting the fundamental band at 4.6 μm by using a distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser. Performance was compared and ultimate detection limits up to ∼ 6 part-per-billion (ppb) and ∼15 ppb were reached for QEPAS and the PTS module, respectively, using 100 s integration time and 40 mW of laser power.

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Sub-ppm-Level Ammonia Detection Using Photoacoustic Spectroscopy with an Optical Microphone Based on a Phase Interferometer

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

Acousto-Optic Comb Interrogation System for Random Fiber Grating Sensors with Sub-nm Resolution

Acousto-Optic Comb Interrogation System for Random Fiber Grating Sensors with Sub-nm Resolution

Photoacoustic-Based Gas Sensing: A Review

Parts-per-billion detection of carbon monoxide: A comparison between quartz-enhanced photoacoustic and photothermal spectroscopy

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