Sub-parts-per-billion level detection of dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) by quantum cascade laser photoacoustic spectroscopy

Mukherjee, A. S.; Dunayevskiy, Ilya; Prasanna, Manu; Go, Rowel; Tsekoun, Alexei; Wang, Xiaojun; Fan, Jen-Yu; Patel, C. K. N.

doi:10.1364/ao.47.001543

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Patel et al 37 measured the same compound using a chemicapacitative microsensor and found the limit of detection to be 180 ppbv (180 000 pptv), which is an order of magnitude greater than determined here, and Mukherjee et al used photoacoustic spectroscopy to also find a limit in the sub-part-per-billion-by-volume range. 38 An example of the quantitation of diisopropyl phosphite in dry air in the part-per-trillion-by-volume concentration range is given as Figure 4. The measured concentration was found to be 150 pptv, with a chemical background of less than 10 pptv.…”

Section: Discussion Of H 3 O + · Nh 2 O Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Quantification of Chemical Warfare Agent Precursors and Surrogates by Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry

2009

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The rate coefficients and branching ratios of 15 chemical warfare agent precursor and surrogate compounds reacting with H(3)O(+), NO(+), and O(2)(+) have been measured in the laboratory using the selected ion flow tube (SIFT) technique. Measurement of the relevant kinetic parameters for these agents has enabled quantitative monitoring using the SIFT-MS analytical technique. Thirteen of the 15 compounds studied were found to have real-time detection limits in the parts-per-trillion-by-volume concentration range when measured on a standard commercial Voice100 instrument, with specific compounds having detection limits below 100 parts-per-trillion-by-volume.

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Section: Discussion Of H 3 O + · Nh 2 O Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Quantification of Chemical Warfare Agent Precursors and Surrogates by Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry

2009

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“…1b shows a simplification of the imprinting process [26], [27]. Current competing methods for DMMP sensing have limits of detection in the parts-per-billion (ppb) to high parts-pertrillion (ppt) range [28]- [30]. The interchangeability of the sensor coating enables universal sensing of any vapor chemical that can be selectively adsorbed by a polymer or other coating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

System Identification, Design, and Implementation of Amplitude Feedback Control on a Nonlinear Parametric MEM Resonator for Trace Nerve Agent Sensing

Hiller

Holthoff

et al. 2015

J. Microelectromech. Syst.

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In this paper, we develop and experimentally verify a novel amplitude feedback control scheme on a silicon microbeam for real-time sensing of parts-per-trillion (ppt) nerve agent concentrations. Utilizing the nonlinear dynamics resulting from parametric excitation of the microbeam for sensing at atmospheric pressure has demonstrated superior performance compared with conventional linear forced sensing. The microbeam is coated with a molecularly imprinted polymer that selectively adsorbs dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) a precursor to G-series nerve agents including sarin. When the molecules attach to the microbeam and increase its mass, the amplitude response described by the nonlinear dynamics shifts in frequency. In tracking this frequency shift, information about the mass load, and, therefore, the nerve agent concentration, can be extracted. Previous sensing schemes have successfully applied this concept while relying on experimentally designed controllers. This paper features a model-based approach starting with the nonlinear dynamics and system parameter identification. After linearization, a control designed with the Glover-McFarlane H ∞ loop-shaping procedure robustly stabilizes the system. The control scheme is implemented on a LabView field-programmable gate array. Water vapor and trace DMMP real-time experiments at atmospheric pressure demonstrate the control's functionality. A limit of detection of 13.3 ppt DMMP molecules in nitrogen is established.[2014-0330]

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“…Parts-pertrillion detection sensitivity has been achieved for on-site measurements 4,5 . However, chemicals, such as explosives, will require a long detection distance due to safety concerns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and explosive detections using photo-acoustic effect and quantum cascade lasers

Choa

2013

SPIE Proceedings

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Photoacoustic (PA) effect is a sensitive spectroscopic technique for chemical sensing. In recent years, with the development of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), significant progress has been achieved for PA sensing applications. Using high-power, tunable mid-IR QCLs as laser sources, PA chemical sensor systems have demonstrated parts-pertrillion-level detection sensitivity. Many of these high sensitivity measurements were demonstrated locally in PA cells. Recently, we have demonstrated standoff PA detection of isopropanol vapor for more than 41 feet distance using a quantum cascade laser and a microphone with acoustic reflectors. We also further demonstrated solid phase TNT detections at a standoff distance of 8 feet. To further calibrate the detection sensitivity, we use nerve gas simulants that were generated and calibrated by a commercial vapor generator. Standoff detection of gas samples with calibrated concentration of 2.3 ppm was achieved at a detection distance of more than 2 feet. An extended detection distance up to 14 feet was observed for a higher gas concentration of 13.9 ppm. For field operations, array of microphones and microphone-reflector pairs can be utilized to achieve noise rejection and signal enhancement. We have experimentally demonstrated that the signal and noise spectra of the 4 microphone/4 reflector system with a combined SNR of 12.48 dB. For the 16-microphone and one reflector case, an SNR of 17.82 was achieved. These successful chemical sensing demonstrations will likely create new demands for widely tunable QCLs with ultralow threshold (for local fire-alarm size detection systems) and high-power (for standoff detection systems) performances.

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Sub-parts-per-billion level detection of dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) by quantum cascade laser photoacoustic spectroscopy

Cited by 35 publications

References 9 publications

Detection and Quantification of Chemical Warfare Agent Precursors and Surrogates by Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry

Detection and Quantification of Chemical Warfare Agent Precursors and Surrogates by Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry

System Identification, Design, and Implementation of Amplitude Feedback Control on a Nonlinear Parametric MEM Resonator for Trace Nerve Agent Sensing

Chemical and explosive detections using photo-acoustic effect and quantum cascade lasers

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