Sub-occipital Craniectomy in a Lion (Panthera leo) with Occipital Bone Malformation and Hypovitaminosis A

Shamir, Merav H.; Shilo, Yael; Fridman, Alon; Chai, Orit; Reifen, Ram; Miara, Limor

doi:10.1638/2006-0064.1

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…More importantly, although we hypothesize that the shape differences that we and others have observed are driven at least partly by dietary differences, other differences between captive and wild pantherines (e.g., the differences that correlate to neuroanatomy; [3] , [42] , [45] , [50] , [51] ) seem unlikely to be related to the mechanical properties of diet. If the mechanical properties of food do substantially impact cranial morphology, then a species with a diet similar in both captivity and in the wild should exhibit less morphological difference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

The Three-Dimensional Morphological Effects of Captivity

et al. 2014

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Many captive animals are fed diets that are drastically different in mechanical properties than their wild diet. Most captive pantherines are fed a nutritionally supplemented diet consisting almost entirely of ground meat. While many zoos supplement this diet with bones, the fact remains that large captive felids are fed diets that require substantially less masticatory effort than those of their wild counterparts. The osteological effects of this dietary difference have not been fully evaluated. To this end, we compared linear measurements and 3D geometric morphometric landmarks of captive and wild lions and tigers. Using Principal Component (PC) analysis of the linear measurements, not only were the sexes and species statistically distinct, but so too was the population clearly divisible in terms of captivity status. The 3D analysis supported these findings: although the most influential variable in the sample (PC1, 21.5% of the variation) separates the two species, the second most influential contributor (PC2) to the overall skull shape is driven not by the sex differences in these highly dimorphic species, but rather by their captivity status. In fact, captivity status drives nearly twice as much of the 3D variation as sexual dimorphism (14.8% vs. 8.0% for PC2 vs. PC3). Thus the shape is influenced nearly twice as much by whether the animal was captive or wild than by whether it was male or female. If a causal relationship can be demonstrated between dietary mechanical properties and morphology, people who oversee the diets of captive carnivores should consider modifying these diets to account for not only nutritional but also the mechanical properties of a carcass-based diet as well. In addition to the husbandry implications, our analyses show the ways in which captive specimens are different than their wild counterparts – findings that have implications for morphologists when considering anatomical samples.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

The Three-Dimensional Morphological Effects of Captivity

et al. 2014

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“…Surgical correction of Chiari-like malformation has been performed in lions, and no major postoperative complications have been reported. 4,8 This report details the presentation and surgical management of Chiari-like malformation in a bobcat, as well as complications that arose from surgical correction of this disease. If surgical correction is elected, syrinx progression must be considered, and postoperative MRI examinations may be warranted.…”

Section: Brief Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

PROGRESSIVE SYRINGOHYDROMYELIA AND DEGENERATIVE AXONOPATHY IN A BOBCAT (LYNX RUFUS) FOLLOWING SURGICAL CORRECTION OF A CHIARI-LIKE MALFORMATION

Sadler¹,

Schumacher²,

Ramsay³

et al. 2016

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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A 3-yr-old male captive bobcat (Lynx rufus) presented with chronic ataxia and right-sided head tilt. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed cerebellar crowding and compression consistent with Chiari-like malformation. The clinical signs did not improve after surgical occipital craniectomy, and 2 mo postoperatively a second MRI showed hydromyelia and continued cerebellar compression. The bobcat was euthanized, and necropsy showed chronic focal cerebellar herniation and chronic multifocal atlanto-occipital joint osteophyte proliferation. Histology confirmed the presence of a thick fibrous membrane along the caudal aspect of the cerebellar vermis, suggestive of postoperative adhesions, and axonal degeneration of the cervical spinal cord, even in sections without a central canal lesion. These lesions appear to have been complications associated with surgical correction of the Chiari-like malformation.

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“…There are several reports in the veterinary literature referring to spontaneous and laboratory‐induced hypovitaminosis A,6–12 with a significant number of case reports referring to captive wild felids 13–18. However, hypovitaminosis A remains a rare diagnosis in the domestic cat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI, CT and histopathological findings in a cat with hypovitaminosis A

Espadas

Ricci

McConnell

et al. 2017

Vet Record Case Reports

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An adult, male, domestic longhair cat was evaluated for chronic progressive visual impairment and lethargy. Neurological abnormalities localised to the cerebellum/central vestibular system, and optic chiasm/retinas and/or optic nerves were present on clinical examination. MRI and CT studies showed diffuse hyperostosis with thickening of the calvarium and tentorium cerebelli causing compression and distortion of the brain. Biochemical testing showed low plasma retinol levels at 0.1 μmol/l (0.86–2.2). Postmortem examination showed reduction in volume of the frontal lobes secondary to diffuse skull hyperostosis. Microscopically, there were mild white matter spongiosis affecting the corona radiata and optic nerves and multiple small plaque‐like thickening of the meninges. This is the first case report to provide a comprehensive clinical, diagnostic imaging and pathological details of hypovitaminosis A in a cat.

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Sub-occipital Craniectomy in a Lion (Panthera leo) with Occipital Bone Malformation and Hypovitaminosis A

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

The Three-Dimensional Morphological Effects of Captivity

The Three-Dimensional Morphological Effects of Captivity

PROGRESSIVE SYRINGOHYDROMYELIA AND DEGENERATIVE AXONOPATHY IN A BOBCAT (LYNX RUFUS) FOLLOWING SURGICAL CORRECTION OF A CHIARI-LIKE MALFORMATION

MRI, CT and histopathological findings in a cat with hypovitaminosis A

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