Sub-lineages of the Omicron variant  of SARS-CoV-2: characteristic mutations and their relation to epidemiological behavior.

Zambrano, José Luis; Jaspe, Rossana C.; Hidalgo, Mariana; Sulbarán, Yoneira; Loureiro, Carmen L.; Moros, Zoila; Garzaro, Domingo; Vizzi, Esmeralda; Rangel, Héctor R.; Liprandi, Ferdinando; Pujol, Flor H.

doi:10.54817/ic.v63n3a05

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Afterward, despite a probable consistent number of cases restarting in July 2022, fewer people sought a diagnosis. This might be due in part to the combination of the eventual reduction in morbidity associated with the Omicron variant, compared to the Delta variant, for example, and with the important herd immunity that was probably prevalent throughout the country [ 7 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. This implied that the waves of the major sub-lineages could not be evaluated by geographic regions in the country, so the study was limited to evaluating the country as a single region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This VOC displaced all the other lineages circulating in the world, which belonged mainly to the Delta VOC. At the end of June 2022, the WHO designated the Omicron VOC as the only variant circulating in the world [ 6 , 7 ]. Several sub-lineages have been described for the Omicron VOC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emerging sub-lineages progressively acquire more mutations. Some of these mutations are associated with enhanced transmissibility, and many of them confer to the new variants the ability to escape from the immune response acquired by vaccination or by previous infection, even with previous Omicron VOC [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dissemination of the Omicron Variant and Its Sub-Lineages among Residents and Travelers in Its First Year of Emergence in Venezuela

Moros

Zambrano

Sulbarán

et al. 2023

Viruses

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The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern (VOC), Omicron, has been characterized by an explosive number of cases in almost every part of the world. The dissemination of different sub-lineages and recombinant genomes also led to several posterior waves in many countries. The circulation of this VOC and its major sub-lineages (BA.1 to BA.5) was monitored in community cases and in international travelers returning to Venezuela by a rapid partial sequencing method. The specific sub-lineage assignment was performed by complete genome sequencing. Epidemic waves of SARS-CoV-2 cases were observed among international travelers during 2022, a situation not seen before December 2021. The succession of the Omicron VOC sub-lineages BA.1 to BA.5 occurred sequentially, except for BA.3, which was almost not detected. However, the sub-lineages generally circulated two months earlier in international travelers than in community cases. The diversity of Omicron sub-lineages found in international travelers was related to the one found in the USA, consistent with the most frequent destination of international travel from Venezuela this year. These differences are compatible with the delay observed sometimes in Latin American countries in the circulation of the different lineages of the Omicron VOC. Once the sub-lineages were introduced in the country, community transmission was responsible for generating a characteristic distribution of them, with a predominance of sub-lineages not necessarily similar to the one observed in travelers or neighboring countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dissemination of the Omicron Variant and Its Sub-Lineages among Residents and Travelers in Its First Year of Emergence in Venezuela

Moros

Zambrano

Sulbarán

et al. 2023

Viruses

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2

Zambrano,

Jaspe,

Loureiro

et al. 2024

Features, Transmission, Detection, and Case Studies in COVID-19

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Potential immune evasion of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variants

Chen,

He,

Liu

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a global pandemic. The Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) was first discovered in November 2021 in specimens collected from Botswana, South Africa. Omicron has become the dominant variant worldwide, and several sublineages or subvariants have been identified recently. Compared to those of other mutants, the Omicron variant has the most highly expressed amino acid mutations, with almost 60 mutations throughout the genome, most of which are in the spike (S) protein, especially in the receptor-binding domain (RBD). These mutations increase the binding affinity of Omicron variants for the ACE2 receptor, and Omicron variants may also lead to immune escape. Despite causing milder symptoms, epidemiological evidence suggests that Omicron variants have exceptionally higher transmissibility, higher rates of reinfection and greater spread than the prototype strain as well as other preceding variants. Additionally, overwhelming amounts of data suggest that the levels of specific neutralization antibodies against Omicron variants decrease in most vaccinated populations, although CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses are maintained. Therefore, the mechanisms underlying Omicron variant evasion are still unclear. In this review, we surveyed the current epidemic status and potential immune escape mechanisms of Omicron variants. Especially, we focused on the potential roles of viral epitope mutations, antigenic drift, hybrid immunity, and “original antigenic sin” in mediating immune evasion. These insights might supply more valuable concise information for us to understand the spreading of Omicron variants.

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Sub-lineages of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: characteristic mutations and their relation to epidemiological behavior.

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

Dissemination of the Omicron Variant and Its Sub-Lineages among Residents and Travelers in Its First Year of Emergence in Venezuela

Dissemination of the Omicron Variant and Its Sub-Lineages among Residents and Travelers in Its First Year of Emergence in Venezuela

The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2

Potential immune evasion of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variants

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