Sub-lethal effects of soil multiple contamination on the avoidance behaviour of Eisenia fetida

Pescatore, Tanita; Nica, Valeria Di; Finizio, Antonio; Ademollo, Nicoletta; Spataro, Francesca; Rauseo, Jasmin; Patrolecco, Luisa

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112861

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The endpoint of the E. fetida toxicity tests may be mortality, growth retardation, or reproduction inhibition, making it a universal organism for testing contaminants (Zhang et al 2020 ; Zhu et al 2020 ). Studies using earthworms as a model organism largely focused on pollutants directly or intentionally introduced into the soil, such as pesticides (Pescatore et al 2021 ; Teng et al 2022 ; Yang et al 2017b ), heavy metals (Sheng et al 2021 ; Yu et al 2019 ), or mixtures thereof (Li et al 2019 , 2020a ; Uwizeyimana et al 2018 ; Yu et al 2019 ). However, there is a lack of information on contaminants that can reach the soil as a result of spreading manure containing pharmaceuticals used in, for example, veterinary medicine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, and wastewater from constructed wetlands on Eisenia fetida: impacts on mortality, fertility, and oxidative stress

Drzymała,

Kalka

2023

Ecotoxicology

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Soil contamination with micropollutants is an important global problem and the impact of these pollutants on living organisms cannot be underestimated. The effects of diclofenac (DCF) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), their mixture (MIX), and wastewater containing these drugs on the mortality and reproduction of Eisenia fetida were investigated. The impact on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in earthworm cells was also assessed. Furthermore, the influence of the following parameters of the vertical flow constructed wetlands on wastewater toxicity was investigated: the dosing system, the presence of pharmaceuticals and the plants Miscanthus giganteus. The compounds and their mixture significantly affected the reproduction and mortality of earthworms. The calculated values of LC50,28 days values were 3.4 ± 0.3 mg kg−1 for DCF, 1.6 ± 0.3 mg kg−1 for SMX, and 0.9 ± 0.1 mg kg−1 for MIX. The EC50 (reproduction assay) for DCF was 1.2 ± 0.2 mg kg−1, whereas for SMX, it was 0.4 ± 0.1 mg kg−1, and for MIX, it was 0.3 ± 0.1 mg kg−1, respectively. The mixture toxicity index (MTI) was calculated to determine drug interactions. For both E. fetida mortality (MTI = 3.29) and reproduction (MTI = 3.41), the index was greater than 1, suggesting a synergistic effect of the mixture. We also observed a negative effect of wastewater (raw and treated) on mortality (32% for raw and 8% for treated wastewater) and fertility (66% and 39%, respectively) of E. fetida. It is extremely important to analyze the harmfulness of microcontaminants to organisms inhabiting natural environments, especially in the case of wastewater for irrigation of agricultural fields.

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