Sub-lethal effect of synthetic pyrethroid pesticide on metabolic enzymes and protein profile of non-target Zebra fish, Danio rerio

Abstract

Extensive application of pesticide in agricultural field affects the enzymatic activity of non-target animals, including fishes. In this study, the impact of sublethal concentration of fenvalerate on marker enzymes of freshwater Zebra fish was evaluated. Pesticide-induced stress can specifically affect non target fishes, through elevated level of reactive oxygen species which is responsible for biochemical, cell metabolism and physiological activities. The oxidative stress mediated by fenvalerate at sub lethal concentrations after 28 days of exposure of Zebra fish. Following 28 days of exposure of pesticide, catalase, superoxide dismutase, aspartate amino transferases, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase were assessed. Results revealed reduction of superoxide dismutase activity after 28 days of exposure in sub lethal concentration of fenvalerate in liver and gills. In liver, catalase activity was found to be less in fenvalerate exposed fish than control fish. In liver, increase of 75.75% aspartate amino transferase and 38% increase in alanine amino transferase in gills. SGPT activity was relatively higher than SGOT suggests more contribution of phyruvalate than oxaloacetate formation. Fenvalerate induced changes in acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity in the liver and gills of Zebra fish after four weeks of exposure. Fenvalerate induced expression of various stress proteins in gill, liver, followed by muscle. Some proteins lost its intensity due to fenvalerate toxicity. Result revealed that enzyme assays and SDS-PAGE analysis for protein subunits determination is relevant tool to monitor stress in freshwater ecosystem. The findings suggest that in monitoring fenvalerate toxicity programme, enzyme activities can be potent diagnostic tool for fenvalerate induced toxicity.

Assessment of the effect of sub-lethal acute toxicity of Emamectin benzoate in Labeo rohita using multiple biomarker approach

“…This reduction of CAT activity was probably due to excess production of ROS or peroxidative damage to the liver tissue. The findings of Firat and Tutus [ 22 ], corroborate to present findings as CAT activity decreased after 96 h of EMB exposure in liver tissue in case of O. niloticus , in the liver of L. rohita exposed with profenofos [ 54 ], and in liver and gill tissue of Danio rerio [ 55 ]. However, Prusty et al [ 50 ] noticed that gill CAT activity remains unaffected due to fenvalerate exposure to L. rohita though the liver SOD activity declined.…”

“…In contrast, in the present study, the gill, and muscle showed an elevation in SOD activity which may be because, gill and muscle play a major role in the xenobiotics metabolism and gill functions of defense mechanism, which counteracts the oxidative stress induced by EMB pesticides thus maintain cellular membrane integrity [ 1 ]. It was also observed that fenvalerate exposed zebrafish [ 55 ] and L. rohita [ 50 ] showed a decline in SOD activity in gill tissue as compared to the control. Concentration and time duration-dependent increase in SOD activity due to sub-lethal exposure to ivermectin has been observed in Clarias gariepinus [ 1 ].…”

Effects of pesticides on Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1827) evaluated by enzymatic activities along the north eastern Sicilian coastlines (Italy)

“…Pesticides are frequently applied to agricultural commodities to enhance the quality and quantity of food. The unrestricted, heavy use of synthetic chemical pesticides results in deleterious until lethal effects on various non-target organisms in aquatic environments, including fish, and direct or indirect effects to users (Kalavathy et al 2001;Kumaresan et al 2018;Ranjbar Jafarabadi et al 2019;Sathyamoorthi et al 2019;Vignet et al 2019;Al-Ghanim et al 2020). Extensive application of pesticides in the agricultural field implies that fish accumulate various fold higher concentrations of chemical residues than the surrounding water in the aquatic environment because of the bioaccumulation phenomenon.…”

Sub-lethal toxicity of alphamethrin on biochemical indices in a freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio

“…The accumulated pesticide damage skeletal system, various vital organs of fish and cause biochemical alterations in fish. The pesticide hazard to aquatic organism is further increased by biomagnification of the synthetic pesticides from water by aquatic organisms [15] . The pesticide causing neurotoxicity, biochemical changes, hormonal alteration, reproductive toxicity, developmental abnormalities.…”