Sub-lethal Dose of Atropine Gives Protection from Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Chick Embryo Model

Chakraborty, Uddalak; Sinha, Mahuya; Bhattacharjee, Arghyadeep; Nayak, Debadatta; Khurana, Anil; Manchanda, Raj K; Sarkar, Debabrata; Das, Satadal

doi:10.1007/s12595-020-00324-8

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Paraffin blocks with the tissue samples were made after its fixation in formol saline, followed by using a microtome, 3 -5 µm thick sections of it were made. After that, haematoxylin and eosin staining (H & E staining) was done following the standard guidelines [35].…”

Section: Histological Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ultra-diluted ethanol extract of Rhus toxicodendron SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein RBD induced inflammation in chick embryo

Ghosh,

Chatterjee,

Goswami

et al. 2024

German J. Pharm. Biomaterials

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Rhus Toxicodendron (RT) extract has been used in homeopathic and phytomedicines for a few centuries. RT chiefly comprises a bioactive chemical named Urushiol. Studies showed RT extracts have potential immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-arthritic activities. In this experiment, we studied whether ethanolic extracts of RT can inhibit Delta SARS-Cov-2 spike protein RBD-induced inflammation, leading to cytokine inequity in fertilized chick embryos (Gallus gallus domesticus). Inoculation of Delta SARS-CoV2 spike RBD protein was done in 14th-day-old chick embryos along with control, pre-, and post-treatment sets consisting of ultra-diluted RT extract. Allantoic fluids from the eggs were collected and preserved at -80 ºC after 48 h to study different cytokines. Dissect ion was done, and the liver of each animal was collected and sent for histological study. The most prominent result was up-regulation in the expression of Interferon alpha and Interleukin-10 genes in RT 6 CH challenged, pre-treatment, and post-treatment experimental sets. However, IL 6, IL 8, IL1B, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, and TGF beta expressions were insignificant in all the other experimental sets. The histopathological result showed that embryos in the pre-treatment experimental set prevented pathological changes. This study indicated the ethanolic extract of RT can up-regulate the expression of Interferon-α genes and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 gene. Therefore, it prevents the spike protein of the delta SARS-CoV-2-induced pathological changes in fertilized chick embryos.

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Section: Histological Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ultra-diluted ethanol extract of Rhus toxicodendron SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein RBD induced inflammation in chick embryo

Ghosh,

Chatterjee,

Goswami

et al. 2024

German J. Pharm. Biomaterials

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show abstract

“…Histological Study: After fixation in formol-saline, the paraffin blocks were prepared with the tissue samples, and then 3 -5 µm thick sections were made in microtome. After that haematoxylin and eosin staining (H & E staining) was done following the standard guidelines 23 .…”

Section: Molecular Biology Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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2022

IJPSR

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In this study, we aimed to elucidate the action of ultra-diluted (potency 6CH as per homeopathic pharmacopeia) ethanolic extract of Arsenicum album (Arsenic 6CH) on cytokine gene expression changes along with alteration of hepatic histology in Gallus gallus embryo (embryonated egg) challenged with the spike protein (S protein RBD of Delta SARS-CoV-2). Methods: Allantoic fluid was collected during harvesting of the inoculated eggs after antigenic challenge. The gene expression analysis of interferons (IFN α, IFN β, IFN γ); transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF β1); interleukins (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1β) were studied in real-time PCR. Pre-and post-treatment sets were separately studied. Hepatic tissue of the embryos was collected for histological study. Results: The most prominent changes were found with IL-10 expression, which was significantly increased directly by Arsenic 6CH; in pre-and post-treatment experimental sets, its level was further increased, while in control sets, such changes were not delineated. Some changes were found in relation to INF β, IL-8, IL-1β, and TGF β1 in alcohol 6CH (potentized vehicle alcohol as per homeopathic pharmacopoeia), and there was no significant change in other experimental sets. Histological studies of the liver indicated definite protective action of Arsenic 6CH from hepatic pathological changes in both pre and post-treatment experimental sets. Conclusion: Our study indicates enhancement of beneficial anti-inflammatory cytokines with hepato-protective action by Arsenic 6CH in Gallus gallus embryo challenged with Delta SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD antigen inducing pathological changes. INTRODUCTION:The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 is a novel strain of coronavirus and it belongs to the family Coronaviridae 1 . This strain is the causative agent for severe acute respiratory infections that originated in Wuhan, China 1 . The disease has been named corona-virus disease -19 or COVID-19 1 .

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Pre-treatment with Scopolamine Naturally Suppresses Japanese Encephalitis Viral Load in Embryonated Chick Through Regulation of Multiple Signaling Pathways

Bhattacharjee

Chaudhuri

Dash

et al. 2021

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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Sub-lethal Dose of Atropine Gives Protection from Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Chick Embryo Model

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Effect of ultra-diluted ethanol extract of Rhus toxicodendron SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein RBD induced inflammation in chick embryo

Effect of ultra-diluted ethanol extract of Rhus toxicodendron SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein RBD induced inflammation in chick embryo

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Pre-treatment with Scopolamine Naturally Suppresses Japanese Encephalitis Viral Load in Embryonated Chick Through Regulation of Multiple Signaling Pathways

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