Sub-Doppler laser cooling and magnetic trapping of erbium

Berglund, Andrew J.; Lee, Siu Au; McClelland, Jabez J.

doi:10.1103/physreva.76.053418

Cited by 42 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Temperature heating data-e.g., Fig. 3(b)-are fit to an exponential, resulting at early times to a heating rate of 17(2) µK/s, which is consistent with the heating rate in spin unpolarized Er and Cr MTs [23,24] and is likely due to spin-relaxation collisions. The MT population is initially distributed among the weak-field seeking Zeeman states, and spin exchange collisions tend to polarize the sample toward m J = 8.…”

supporting

confidence: 66%

“…In ballistic expansion after extinguishing the MOT, a dual component gas is observed comprised of a dense symmetric core of ∼200 µK atoms surrounded by a hot, 2-3 mK shell containing 70% of the atoms. Doppler cooling theory in 1D predicts a cloud temperature of 1.2 mK for the MOT parameters, but comparisons to the Er MOT [23] suggest the entire intra-MOT population should be subDoppler cooled to ∼100 µK as a consequence of the near equal Landé g-factors in the ground and excited states (∆g/g = 1.7%). Despite ∆g being slightly larger than in Er, numerical 1D sub-Doppler cooling simulations (based on Ref.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Trapping Ultracold Dysprosium: A Highly Magnetic Gas for Dipolar Physics

2010

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Ultracold dysprosium gases, with a magnetic moment ten times that of alkali atoms and equal only to terbium as the most magnetic atom, are expected to exhibit a multitude of fascinating collisional dynamics and quantum dipolar phases, including quantum liquid crystal physics. We report the first laser cooling and trapping of half a billion Dy atoms using a repumper-free magneto-optical trap (MOT) and continuously loaded magnetic confinement, and we characterize the trap recycling dynamics for bosonic and fermionic isotopes. The first inelastic collision measurements in the few partial wave, 100 µK-1 mK, regime are made in a system possessing a submerged open electronic f-shell. In addition, we observe unusual stripes of intra-MOT < 10 µK sub-Doppler cooled atoms.PACS numbers: 37.10. De, 37.10.Gh, 37.10.Vz, 71.10.Ay Ultracold gases of extraordinarily magnetic atoms, such as dysprosium, offer opportunities to explore strongly correlated matter in the presence of the longrange, anisotropic dipole-dipole interaction (DDI). Such interactions in the presence (or absence) of polarizing fields can compete with short-range interactions to induce phases beyond those described by the nearest neighbor Hubbard model [1]. Specifically, quantum liquid crystal (QLC) physics (see Ref.[2] and citations within) describes strongly correlated systems in which a Fermi surface can spontaneously distort (nematics) or cleave into stripes (smectics) [3]. While material complexity can inhibit full exploration of QLC phases in condensed matter, QLC phases may be more extensively characterized in tunable ultracold gases. In contrast to ultracold ground state polar molecules [4], ultracold Dy offers the ability to explore the spontaneously broken symmetries inherent in QLCs since the DDI is realized without a polarizing field. An exciting prospect lies in observing spontaneous magnetization in dipolar systems, e.g., the existence of a quantum ferro-nematic phase in ultracold fermionic Dy gases not subjected to a polarizing field [5].We report the first magneto-optical trap (MOT) and ultracold collisional rates of this highly complex atom. The stable atoms possessing the largest magnetic moments are the neighboring lanthanide rare-earths, Tb and Dy (both 10 Bohr magnetons (µ B ) to within 0.6% [6,7]). Prior to the present work, the coldest Dy temperatures were achieved via buffer gas and adiabatic cooling to 50 mK with final densities of < 10 9 cm −3 [8], and Dy beams have been transversely pushed and unidirectionally cooled via photon scattering [9,10].Recent experiments using degenerate 52 Cr, a bosonic S-state atom with 6 µ B of magnetic moment, have begun to explore quantum ferrofluids [12]. With suitable scattering lengths, the larger magnetic moment-and 9× larger DDI·mass ratio-of Dy should allow experimental access beyond the superfluid and Mott insulator regions of the extended Bose-Hubbard phase diagram to the density wave and supersolid regimes [13]. Co-trapping iso- In addition, ultracold samples of Dy will aid precision measure...

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supporting

confidence: 66%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Trapping Ultracold Dysprosium: A Highly Magnetic Gas for Dipolar Physics

2010

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“…Transition f) may have a larger linewidth, but this will have to be studied experimentally. If not there is the possibility of cooling on the very strong transition labeled g) to the level 4f 11 ( 4 I o 15/2 )6s6p( 1 P o 1 ), J = 17/2 at 410.5 nm which appears analogous to the strong blue line used for cooling of Er to subDoppler temperatures [36]. This transition has a linewidth of γ = 204 × 10 6 s −1 and a Doppler cooling limit of 780 µK.…”

Section: B Cooling and Trappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling the neutral-atom Rydberg gate quantum computer by collective encoding in holmium atoms

2008

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We discuss a method for scaling a neutral atom Rydberg gate quantum processor to a large number of qubits. Limits are derived showing that the number of qubits that can be directly connected by entangling gates with errors at the 10 −3 level using long range Rydberg interactions between sites in an optical lattice, without mechanical motion or swap chains, is about 500 in two dimensions and 7500 in three dimensions. A scaling factor of 60 at a smaller number of sites can be obtained using collective register encoding in the hyperfine ground states of the rare earth atom Holmium. We present a detailed analysis of operation of the 60 qubit register in Holmium. Combining a lattice of multi-qubit ensembles with collective encoding results in a feasible design for a 1000 qubit fully connected quantum processor.

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“…Efficient sub-Doppler cooling directly in the MOT is possible if the Landé g-factors of the upper and the lower cooling levels are nearly equal [21]. In our case the relative difference of the Landé g-factors of the cooling levels in Tm is only 2% which enables efficient sub-Doppler cooling.…”

Section: Sub-doppler Coolingmentioning

confidence: 75%

Sub-doppler laser cooling of thulium atoms in a magneto-optical trap

Sukachev¹,

Соколов²,

Chebakov³

et al. 2010

Jetp Lett.

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We have experimentally studied sub-Doppler laser cooling in a magneto-optical trap for thulium atoms working at the wavelength of 410.6 nm. Without any dedicated molasses period of sub-Doppler cooling, the cloud of 3 × 10 6 atoms at the temperature of 25(5) µK was observed. The measured temperature is significantly lower than the Doppler limit of 240µK for the cooling transition at 410.6 nm. High efficiency of the sub-Doppler cooling process is due to a near-degeneracy of the Landé-g factors of the lower 4f 13 6s 2 (J = 7/2) and the upper 4f 12 5d 3/2 6s 2 (J = 9/2) cooling levels.

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Sub-Doppler laser cooling and magnetic trapping of erbium

Cited by 42 publications

References 26 publications

Trapping Ultracold Dysprosium: A Highly Magnetic Gas for Dipolar Physics

Trapping Ultracold Dysprosium: A Highly Magnetic Gas for Dipolar Physics

Scaling the neutral-atom Rydberg gate quantum computer by collective encoding in holmium atoms

Sub-doppler laser cooling of thulium atoms in a magneto-optical trap

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