Sub-critical flux operation of microfiltration

Howell, John

doi:10.1016/0376-7388(95)00114-r

Cited by 258 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Table 2. Fluctuations in drag force due to solvent velocity because of -porosity heterogeneity [4,6] -pre-fouling phenomena [18] Fluctuations in drag force due to relative particle/solvent velocity because of multi-body hydrodynamic interaction [16] Fluctuations in dispersiv because of distribution of membrane and particle pr Table 3. Value of mean critical flux, crit J , and its standard deviation, σ, (*10 -6 m/s) used to fit BSA filtration experiments with DCF model.…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distributions of critical flux: modelling, experimental analysis and consequences for cross-flow membrane filtration

Bacchin

Espinasse

Aimar

2005

Journal of Membrane Science

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Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Critical flux is a concept that appeared in the mid 1990's [1][2][3][4] to describe the lowest flux for which fouling appears on a membrane. Since then, it has been generally accepted that critical flux represents the permeate flux below which no fouling occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributions of critical flux: modelling, experimental analysis and consequences for cross-flow membrane filtration

Bacchin

Espinasse

Aimar

2005

Journal of Membrane Science

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“…In activated sludge filtration, the CF is generally regarded as the flux above which cake or gel formation by particles or colloids (Howell, 1995) occurs, i.e. convection of these materials towards the membrane by the permeate drag flow exceeds the back transport velocity of material from the membrane (van der Marel et al, 2009).…”

Section: Critical Flux Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane bioreactor for domestic wastewater treatment: principles, challanges and future research directions

Bilad

2017

IJOST

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Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have recently become widely accepted as an advanced technology for treatment of domestic and industrial wastewaters. The objective of this review is to provide overview on MBR technology for wastewater treatment application. It includes discussions on the fundamental, core problems (membrane fouling), recent effective development approach (dynamic filtration systems) and future research direction of MBRs. Since MBRs integrate a conventional activated sludge process with membrane filtration, and both fundamental aspects are discussed first. Later, a comprehensive discussion about membrane fouling, the main problems in MBR, is provided, including fouling control strategies. The discussion on the MBR membranes and relation between membrane properties and MBR performance is also provided. This review also includes one of the most promising MBR technologies that specifically design to manage membrane fouling: dynamic filtration systems. Lastly, insight into an approach to address MBRs challenges and recent research and developments are provided.

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“…Bacchin et al [56] reported that, for colloids with sizes ranging from 0.1 to 10 ~tm, the critical flux is determined mainly by colloidal and hydrodynamic interactions. The effectiveness of membrane processes operating below the critical flux has recently been discussed by Field et al [57] and Howell [58].…”

Section: Role Of Permeation Rate In Nom Foulingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fouling of nanofiltration membranes

1998

Membrane Technology

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The role of chemical and physical interactions in natural organic matter (NOM) fouling of nanofiltration membranes is systematically investigated. Results of fouling experiments with three humic acids demonstrate that membrane fouling increases with increasing electrolyte (NaC1) concentration, decreasing solution pH, and addition of divalent cations (Ca2+). At fixed solution ionic strength, the presence of calcium ions, at concentrations typical of those found in natural waters, has a marked effect on membrane fouling. Divalent cations interact specifically with humic carboxyl functional groups and, thus, substantially reduce humic charge and the electrostatic repulsion between humic macromolecules. Reduced NOM interchain repulsion results in increased NOM deposition on the membrane surface and formation of a densely packed fouling layer. In addition to the aforementioned chemical effects, results show that NOM fouling rate increases substantially with increasing initial permeation rate. It is demonstrated that the rate of fouling is controlled by an interplay between permeation drag and electrostatic double layer repulsion; that is, NOM fouling of NF membranes involves interrelationship (coupling) between physical and chemical interactions. The addition of a strong chelating agent (EDTA) to feed water reduces NOM fouling significantly by removing free and NOM-complexed calcium ions. EDTA treatment of NOM-fouled membranes also improves the cleaning efficiency dramatically by disrupting the fouling layer structure through a ligand exchange reaction between EDTA and NOM-calcium complexes.

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Sub-critical flux operation of microfiltration

Cited by 258 publications

References 3 publications

Distributions of critical flux: modelling, experimental analysis and consequences for cross-flow membrane filtration

Distributions of critical flux: modelling, experimental analysis and consequences for cross-flow membrane filtration

Membrane bioreactor for domestic wastewater treatment: principles, challanges and future research directions

Fouling of nanofiltration membranes

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