Sub-chronic treatment with high doses of ascorbic acid reduces lead levels in hen eggs intentionally exposed to a concentrated source of lead: a pilot study

Abstract

Background: Hen eggs contaminated with lead can be harmful to the health of children and adults. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate if sub-chronic treatment with ascorbic acid can reduce lead levels in the different parts of hen eggs after intentionally exposing the laying hens to a concentrated source of lead. Methods: Clinically normal mixed-breed egg laying hens (n = 18) were used in this pilot study. Hens were exposed to a concentrated source of lead (200 mg/kg body weight /day lead acetate) for 1 week. Subsequently, egg laying hens were either treated with sub-chronic doses of ascorbic acid (500 mg/kg body weight /day) or left untreated for 4 weeks. Lead levels were assessed in eggshell , egg-albumen, and egg-yolk samples using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: Lead levels increased significantly (p-value < 0.01) from baseline in egg-yolk, egg-albumen, and eggshell samples following 1 week exposure to lead acetate. Sub-chronic treatment of egg laying hens with high doses of ascorbic acid could bring statistically significant reduction (p-value < 0.01) in lead levels in egg-yolk, egg-albumen, and eggshell samples after intentional exposure to a concentrated source of lead. Conclusions: Findings of this pilot study showed that sub-chronic treatment of egg laying hens with ascorbic acid can reduce lead levels in different egg parts after intentional exposure to a concentrated source of lead. Supplementing feedstuffs and water with sources of ascorbic acid could be beneficial in reducing lead levels in hen egg tissues following environmental exposure. Further studies are still required to investigate if ascorbic acid can reduce lead levels in other chicken tissues.

Breastmilk calcium concentrations in Palestinian lactating women

“…The lactating women who agreed to participate in the study were asked to complete a paper questionnaire in the maternity and healthcare centres. The questionnaire contained 13 items and was informed by previous related studies 3,7–13 . The questionnaire is provided as Table S2.…”

“…The sample size for this study was calculated using the following equation 7–13 :where Z was 1.96, D was a precision of one, and σ was 10 3 . The sample size needed for this study was 385.…”

“…The questionnaire contained 13 items and was informed by previous related studies. 3,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The questionnaire is provided as Table S2. In addition, each woman provided a sample of breastmilk (5 mL) in a mineral-free polyethylene tube.…”

(Ascorb)ing Pb Neurotoxicity in the Developing Brain

“…Finally, the dietary supplementation of AA has also been shown to be effective in Pb poisoning in other experimentational animals such as sea cucumbers ( Apostichopus japonicus ) [ 345 ], rockfish ( Sebastes schlehelii ) [ 346 ], egg-laying hens [ 347 ], and rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) [ 348 , 349 ].…”