Sub-chronic impact of cannabinoids in street cannabis on cognition, psychotic-like symptoms and psychological well-being

Morgan, Celia J. A.; Gardener, Chelsea; Schäfer, Gráinne; Swan, Scott A.; Demarchi, Célia; Freeman, Tom P.; Warrington, P.; Rupasinghe, Kushila; Ramoutar, A.; Tan, N.; Wingham, Gail; Lewis, Shôn; Curran, H. Valerie

doi:10.1017/s0033291711001322

Cited by 172 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This effect has been attributed to THC. In agreement with the initial reports showing antagonism of THC-induced psychotomimetic effects [31,87,88], the presence of CBD in Cannabis strains has been shown to be protective against the occurrence of psychotic-like reactions and cognitive impairment [108][109][110]. In this context, Di Forti et al [111] found that the use of Cannabis containing high THC-and low CBD concentration was associated with a higher risk of a first psychotic episode.…”

Section: Cannabidiol and Psychosissupporting

confidence: 64%

Multiple mechanisms involved in the large-spectrum therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders

Campos

Moreira

Gomes

et al. 2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

346

237

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Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major phytocannabinoid present in the Cannabis sativa plant. It lacks the psychotomimetic and other psychotropic effects that the main plant compound D 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) being able, on the contrary, to antagonize these effects. This property, together with its safety profile, was an initial stimulus for the investigation of CBD pharmacological properties. It is now clear that CBD has therapeutic potential over a wide range of non-psychiatric and psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression and psychosis. Although the pharmacological effects of CBD in different biological systems have been extensively investigated by in vitro studies, the mechanisms responsible for its therapeutic potential are still not clear. Here, we review recent in vivo studies indicating that these mechanisms are not unitary but rather depend on the behavioural response being measured. Acute anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects seem to rely mainly on facilitation of 5-HT1A-mediated neurotransmission in key brain areas related to defensive responses, including the dorsal periaqueductal grey, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial prefrontal cortex. Other effects, such as anti-compulsive, increased extinction and impaired reconsolidation of aversive memories, and facilitation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis could depend on potentiation of anandamidemediated neurotransmission. Finally, activation of TRPV1 channels may help us to explain the antipsychotic effect and the bell-shaped dose-response curves commonly observed with CBD. Considering its safety profile and wide range of therapeutic potential, however, further studies are needed to investigate the involvement of other possible mechanisms (e.g. inhibition of adenosine uptake, inverse agonism at CB2 receptor, CB1 receptor antagonism, GPR55 antagonism, PPARg receptors agonism, intracellular (Ca 2þ ) increase, etc.), on CBD behavioural effects.

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Section: Cannabidiol and Psychosissupporting

confidence: 64%

Multiple mechanisms involved in the large-spectrum therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders

Campos

Moreira

Gomes

et al. 2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

346

237

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a recent study of 140 cannabis users, those who tested positive for both THC and CBD in hair-samples experienced significantly fewer psychotic-like effects compared to those testing positive for THC only 66 . These results were later replicated in a study of recreational cannabis users 67 The same group later administered inhaled THC (8mg) and CBD (16mg) to volunteers and found that CBD protected against the detrimental effects of THC on emotional processing 24 .…”

Section: Insights From Cannabinoid Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The same group explored memory functioning in 120 users while analysing hair-samples for presence of CBD. Participants who tested positive for CBD displayed significantly better performance 67 .…”

Section: Insights From Cannabinoid Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Can we make cannabis safer?

Englund

Freeman

Murray

et al. 2017

The Lancet Psychiatry

132

120

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“…In a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments in which CBD and THC were administered to healthy human subjects, the 2 compounds produced largely opposite patterns of activation during tasks involving memory, emotional processing, salience, and response inhibition in key brain regions implicated in schizophrenia, such as the striatum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus [3,81]. There is also evidence that using cannabis with a higher CBD/ THC ratio is associated with a lower risk of psychotic disorders, subthreshold psychotic symptoms, and cognitive changes related to psychosis [3], from both studies analyzing THC and CBD concentrations in hair samples [83,84], and from a study analyzing the content of the cannabis that subjects reported regularly using [85]. Cannabis users have been found to have evidence for neurotoxicity in the prefrontal cortex based on lower levels of N-acetylaspartic acid measured by proton magnetic spectroscopy, which reflects neuronal integrity [86].…”

Section: Cbdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoids and Schizophrenia: Risks and Therapeutic Potential

Manseau

Goff

2015

Neurotherapeutics

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A convergence of evidence shows that use of Cannabis sativa is associated with increased risk of developing psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia, and earlier age at which psychotic symptoms first manifest. Cannabis exposure during adolescence is most strongly associated with the onset of psychosis amongst those who are particularly vulnerable, such as those who have been exposed to child abuse and those with family histories of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia that develops after cannabis use may have a unique clinical phenotype, and several genetic polymorphisms may modulate the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis. The endocannabinoid system has been implicated in psychosis both related and unrelated to cannabis exposure, and studying this system holds potential to increase understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Anandamide signaling in the central nervous system may be particularly important. Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol in cannabis can cause symptoms of schizophrenia when acutely administered, and cannabidiol (CBD), another compound in cannabis, can counter many of these effects. CBD may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of psychosis following cannabis use, as well as schizophrenia, possibly with better tolerability than current antipsychotic treatments. CBD may also have antiinflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Establishing the role of CBD and other CBD-based compounds in treating psychotic disorders will require further human research.

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Sub-chronic impact of cannabinoids in street cannabis on cognition, psychotic-like symptoms and psychological well-being

Cited by 172 publications

References 34 publications

Multiple mechanisms involved in the large-spectrum therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders

Multiple mechanisms involved in the large-spectrum therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders

Can we make cannabis safer?

Cannabinoids and Schizophrenia: Risks and Therapeutic Potential

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