Sub-Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Ethanol Extract of Oroxylum Indicum Leafin C57BL/6 Mice

Abstract

Oroxylum indicumalso known as ‘pucukbeko’ in Malaysia is often consumed as raw salad (ulam) due to the belief that the plant has numerous therapeutics activities that could improve health. Despite its medicinal potential,however, there has been very limited data on the plant’s safety and toxicity profile particularly for long term consumption. More depth insight and evidence-based studies are needed to verify its safety as a potential herb. Therefore, this study aims to investigate sub acute oral toxicity of ethanol extract of O. indicum in C57BL/6 male mice. Twenty-five mice (n=5) were orally administered at single dose of normal saline (control), vehicle (5% DMSO), extracts (100, 200 and 500 mg/kg bw), respectively in accordance with OECD Guideline 420 for 28 days. Liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, testes, spleen,and blood samples were collected to determine the effects of the extract on the relative organ weight, tissue changes, and blood profile alterations in the end of the study. The sub-acute toxicity results demonstrated no lethal effects and abnormal behavioural changes in mice treated with an expansion dose up to a maximum of 500 mg/kg. No significant (p>0.05) changes in body weights, relative organ weight and haematological evaluation. Nevertheless, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the urea, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and alanine transaminase (ALT) values but the levels were still within the acceptable range. Histopathological analysis of the liver and kidney tissues also revealed no striking lesions. This study displays that mice treated with an increasing dose ofO. indicum leaf ethanolic extract up to a maximum 500mg/kg bw did not cause any toxicological effects and considered safe to be consumed and used for therapeutic purposes

Acute oral toxicity assessment and anti-hyperuricemic activity of Alocasia longiloba extracts on Sprague-Dawley rats

“…Nevertheless, insignificant body weight change effects usually occur at the endpoint of toxicity study as the age and feed intake is increase and considered as a normal physiological condition. A decrease in body weight after administration of plant extracts may result in suppression of animal's appetite for food ( Raza et al, 2002 , Nurul et al, 2018 Reduan et al, 2020b; Mohd et al, 2021 ). Throughout this study, regardless of the type of plant part used (fruit and petiole), A. longiloba extracts had no significant effect on body weight.…”

LC–TOF-MS/MS and GC-MS based phytochemical profiling and evaluation of wound healing activity of Oroxylum Indicum (L.) Kurz (Beka)

“…Oroxylum indicum has long been used as a medicinal and culinary herb in many Asian countries, including Malaysia. The aerial parts or roots of this plant are used in traditional medicine in Malaysia for treatment of wounds, diarrhea, digestive problems, and control high blood pressure ( Reduan et al, 2021 ). Although O. indicum is widely used in traditional medicines, there has been limited scientific investigation into the biological effects in relation to wound healing activity.…”

“…Recently, more attention has been focused on identification and quantification techniques to get useful chemical information (fingerprint) in crude extracts from medicinal herbs. This approach has helped to a better understanding of herbs and herbal products ( Goodarzi et al, 2013 ; Chen et al, 2016 ; Abdulhafiz et al, 2020a ; Reduan et al, 2020 ). Several analytical methods have been developed and used by various researchers around the world ( Tistaert et al, 2011 ; Saini et al, 2016 ; Rahman et al, 2018 ; Kharbach et al, 2020 ; Maqsood et al, 2020 ; Maher et al, 2021b ).…”